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Questions and Answers
What are the primary structures that comprise the urinary system?
What does Azot/o refer to?
Nitrogenous waste
What does Bacteri/o refer to?
Bacteria
What does Cyst/o refer to?
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What does Glomerul/o refer to?
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What does Glycos/o refer to?
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What does Keton/o refer to?
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What does Lith/o refer to?
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What does Meatus refer to?
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What does Nephr/o refer to?
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What does Olig/o refer to?
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What does -uria represent?
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What does the presence of protein in the urine indicate?
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What are the 3 stages of urine production?
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What is the normal pH of urine?
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What does Hematuria indicate?
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What does Uremia refer to?
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What is Chronic Kidney Disease?
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Study Notes
Overview of the Urinary System
- Primary structures include kidneys, ureters, urethra, and urinary bladder.
- Functions include filtering blood, regulating waste, maintaining electrolyte balance, and balancing fluid levels.
Key Medical Terms and Their Meanings
- Azot/o: Refers to nitrogenous waste, a component of urine.
- Bacteri/o: Indicates the presence of bacteria.
- Cyst/o: Pertains to the bladder or a pouch.
- Glomerul/o: Relates specifically to the glomerulus, a network of tiny blood vessels in the kidney.
- Glycos/o: References glucose or sugar, often related to diabetes.
- Keton/o: Refers to ketones, associated with fat metabolism.
- Lith/o: Indicates the presence of stones in the urinary system.
- Meat/o: Relates to a meatus, the opening of a canal.
- Nephr/o: Refers to the kidney.
- Noct/i: Indicates night, often used in terms associated with urination at night.
- Olig/o: Refers to scanty or low amounts.
- Protein/o: Discusses protein presence, often in urine.
- Pyel/o: Relates to the renal pelvis, the funnel for urine.
- Ren/o: Pertains to the kidney.
- Ureter/o: Refers to the ureter, the duct that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.
- Urethr/o: Indicates the urethra, the duct through which urine is expelled.
- Urin/o / Ur/o: Refers to urine.
Urinalysis Indicators
- Normal urine pH: Ranges from 5.0 to 8.0.
- Protein in urine: May indicate glomerulonephritis or preeclampsia in pregnancy.
- Glucose in urine: Suggests poorly controlled diabetes.
- Ketones in urine: Indicates fat metabolism due to poor control of diabetes, dehydration, starvation, or excessive aspirin intake.
- Blood in urine: May point to glomerulonephritis, cancer, anemia, or trauma.
Conditions and Surgical Terminology
- -lith: Denotes the presence of stones.
- -lithiasis: Refers to conditions caused by stones.
- -ptosis: Indicates drooping or falling of an organ.
- -tripsy: Refers to surgical crushing.
- -uria: Pertains to conditions related to urine.
Urine Production
- Three main stages: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
Urinary Disorders and Conditions
- Anuria: Complete lack of urine formation and excretion.
- Azotemia: Accumulation of nitrogenous waste in the bloodstream due to kidney failure.
- Diuresis: Increased urine formation and excretion.
- Dysuria: Difficult or painful urination.
- Hematuria: Presence of blood in the urine.
- Nocturia: Frequent urination at night.
- Oliguria: Producing too little urine.
- Polyuria: Producing an unusually large volume of urine.
- Urinary Retention: Inability to fully empty the bladder.
Nephrology and Urology
- Nephrology: Study and treatment of kidney disorders.
- Urology: Study and treatment focused on the urinary tract system.
Specific Conditions
- Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN): Damage to renal tubules due to toxins or ischemia.
- Diabetic Nephropathy: Damage to kidney capillaries from chronic high blood sugars.
- Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the kidneys impacting glomeruli.
- Hydronephrosis: Distention of the renal pelvis from urine accumulation in the kidney.
These terms and conditions are essential for understanding the urinary system, its function, and the potential pathologies that can arise.
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Description
This quiz covers the primary structures and functions of the urinary system, including kidneys, ureters, and bladder. It also introduces key medical terms and their meanings related to urinary health. Test your knowledge on the anatomy and medical vocabulary pertinent to the urinary system.
