Questions and Answers
What does the word part 'nephr/o' or 'ren/o' refer to?
What does 'pyel/o' refer to?
Renal pelvis
'Urin/o' or 'ur/o' refers to what?
Liquid waste products or urinary tract
What word part is represented by 'urethr/o'?
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What is the function of 'ureter/o'?
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What does 'cyst/o' signify?
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What does 'prostat/o' relate to?
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What does the suffix '-cele' mean?
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What does the prefix 'dia-' signify?
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What does '-ectasis' mean?
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What does 'glomerul/o' refer to?
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What is the meaning of 'lith/o'?
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What does '-lysis' mean?
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What does '-pexy' indicate?
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What does '-tripsy' refer to?
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What is the word part 'ur/o' associated with?
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What does the suffix '-uria' indicate?
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What is urea?
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What is creatinine?
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What is the function of urine?
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What does the urinary tract consist of?
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What are the kidneys responsible for?
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What does 'renal' refer to?
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What does 'retroperitoneal' mean?
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What is the renal cortex?
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What is the renal medulla?
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What are nephrons?
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What is reabsorption in the context of kidneys?
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What is the function of the renal artery?
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What happens to blood in the renal vein?
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What is the renal pelvis?
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What are ureters?
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What is peristalsis?
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Study Notes
Key Terms of the Urinary System
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nephr/o, ren/o: Refers to the kidneys, which filter blood, remove waste, manage electrolyte levels, and regulate fluid volume; located in the retroperitoneal space.
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pyel/o: Denotes the renal pelvis, the collection area for urine produced by the kidneys.
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urin/o, ur/o: Related to urine or the urinary tract; refers to liquid waste products excreted from the body.
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urethr/o: Pertains to the urethra, the passage through which urine exits the bladder.
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ureter/o: Refers to ureters, the tubes transporting urine from kidneys to the bladder.
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cyst/o: Describes the urinary bladder, a sac that stores urine until excretion.
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prostat/o: Represents the prostate gland, which surrounds the male urethra and can affect urine flow if disorders arise.
Medical Terminology Suffixes
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-cele: Indicates hernia, tumor, or swelling.
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dia-: Refers to "through," "between," "apart," or "complete."
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-ectasis: Signifies stretching, dilation, or enlargement.
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glomerul/o: Relates to the glomerulus, a network of capillaries in the kidney.
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lith/o: Means stone or calculus, typically in a medical context refers to kidney stones.
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-lysis: Indicates breakdown or separation of materials.
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-pexy: Refers to surgical fixation of a body part.
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-tripsy: Denotes crushing, often used in reference to stones in the urinary system.
Urinary System Functionality
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urine production: Involves converting waste products and excess fluids into urine, facilitated by the kidneys and stored in the bladder.
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urinary tract: Consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, and one urethra, functioning to maintain homeostasis and manage fluid levels.
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genitourinary tract: Reflects the relationship between urinary and reproductive systems due to their proximity.
Kidney Structure and Function
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kidneys: Constantly filter blood, remove waste and excess water (5% urea, 95% water), and produce hormones regulating blood pressure and vitamin D production.
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renal cortex: The outer region of the kidney housing nephrons, responsible for filtering and urine production.
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medulla: The inner region of the kidney that contains urine-collecting tubules.
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nephrons: Microscopic units responsible for urine production via filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
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reabsorption: The process whereby substances removed during filtration are returned to the bloodstream.
Blood Flow in the Kidneys
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renal artery: The vessel through which blood enters the kidney, supplying it for filtration.
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renal vein: The vessel where filtered blood containing proteins and cells exits the kidney, returning to the bloodstream.
Urinary Pathways
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renal pelvis: The central area in each kidney where urine collects before moving into the ureters.
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ureters: Narrow tubes (10-12 inches long) carrying urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Other Terminology
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urea: Major waste product formed from protein metabolism.
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creatinine: A waste product of muscle metabolism indicating kidney function.
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urinary system functions: Critical for maintaining water, salt, and acid balance through blood filtration.
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Description
Explore essential medical terminology related to the urinary system in this flashcard quiz. Learn key terms such as nephr/o, ren/o, and pyel/o to enhance your understanding of kidney function and anatomy. Perfect for students in medical, nursing, or healthcare programs.
