Medical Terminology Chapter 9: Urinary System
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Questions and Answers

What does the word part 'nephr/o' or 'ren/o' refer to?

  • Prostate gland
  • Kidney (correct)
  • Urethra
  • Urinary bladder

    • What does 'pyel/o' refer to?

    Renal pelvis

    'Urin/o' or 'ur/o' refers to what?

    Liquid waste products or urinary tract

    What word part is represented by 'urethr/o'?

    <p>Urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of 'ureter/o'?

    <p>Transport urine from the kidney to the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'cyst/o' signify?

    <p>Urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'prostat/o' relate to?

    <p>Prostate gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-cele' mean?

    <p>Hernia, tumor, swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'dia-' signify?

    <p>Through, between, apart, complete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-ectasis' mean?

    <p>Stretching, dilation, enlargement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'glomerul/o' refer to?

    <p>Glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'lith/o'?

    <p>Stone, calculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-lysis' mean?

    <p>Breakdown, separation, destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-pexy' indicate?

    <p>Surgical fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-tripsy' refer to?

    <p>To crush</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word part 'ur/o' associated with?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-uria' indicate?

    <p>Urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is urea?

    <p>The major waste product of protein metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is creatinine?

    <p>A waste product of muscle metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of urine?

    <p>Converting waste products and excess fluids into urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the urinary tract consist of?

    <p>Two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, and one urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the kidneys responsible for?

    <p>Filtering blood and removing waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'renal' refer to?

    <p>Pertaining to the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'retroperitoneal' mean?

    <p>Located behind the peritoneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the renal cortex?

    <p>The outer region of the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the renal medulla?

    <p>The inner region of the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are nephrons?

    <p>Microscopic functional units of the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reabsorption in the context of kidneys?

    <p>Return of some substances to the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the renal artery?

    <p>Blood enters the kidney through it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood in the renal vein?

    <p>Filtered blood leaves the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the renal pelvis?

    <p>Funnel-shaped area inside the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ureters?

    <p>Narrow tubes transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is peristalsis?

    <p>Involuntary contraction of muscles to move urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Terms of the Urinary System

    • nephr/o, ren/o: Refers to the kidneys, which filter blood, remove waste, manage electrolyte levels, and regulate fluid volume; located in the retroperitoneal space.

    • pyel/o: Denotes the renal pelvis, the collection area for urine produced by the kidneys.

    • urin/o, ur/o: Related to urine or the urinary tract; refers to liquid waste products excreted from the body.

    • urethr/o: Pertains to the urethra, the passage through which urine exits the bladder.

    • ureter/o: Refers to ureters, the tubes transporting urine from kidneys to the bladder.

    • cyst/o: Describes the urinary bladder, a sac that stores urine until excretion.

    • prostat/o: Represents the prostate gland, which surrounds the male urethra and can affect urine flow if disorders arise.

    Medical Terminology Suffixes

    • -cele: Indicates hernia, tumor, or swelling.

    • dia-: Refers to "through," "between," "apart," or "complete."

    • -ectasis: Signifies stretching, dilation, or enlargement.

    • glomerul/o: Relates to the glomerulus, a network of capillaries in the kidney.

    • lith/o: Means stone or calculus, typically in a medical context refers to kidney stones.

    • -lysis: Indicates breakdown or separation of materials.

    • -pexy: Refers to surgical fixation of a body part.

    • -tripsy: Denotes crushing, often used in reference to stones in the urinary system.

    Urinary System Functionality

    • urine production: Involves converting waste products and excess fluids into urine, facilitated by the kidneys and stored in the bladder.

    • urinary tract: Consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, and one urethra, functioning to maintain homeostasis and manage fluid levels.

    • genitourinary tract: Reflects the relationship between urinary and reproductive systems due to their proximity.

    Kidney Structure and Function

    • kidneys: Constantly filter blood, remove waste and excess water (5% urea, 95% water), and produce hormones regulating blood pressure and vitamin D production.

    • renal cortex: The outer region of the kidney housing nephrons, responsible for filtering and urine production.

    • medulla: The inner region of the kidney that contains urine-collecting tubules.

    • nephrons: Microscopic units responsible for urine production via filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

    • reabsorption: The process whereby substances removed during filtration are returned to the bloodstream.

    Blood Flow in the Kidneys

    • renal artery: The vessel through which blood enters the kidney, supplying it for filtration.

    • renal vein: The vessel where filtered blood containing proteins and cells exits the kidney, returning to the bloodstream.

    Urinary Pathways

    • renal pelvis: The central area in each kidney where urine collects before moving into the ureters.

    • ureters: Narrow tubes (10-12 inches long) carrying urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

    Other Terminology

    • urea: Major waste product formed from protein metabolism.

    • creatinine: A waste product of muscle metabolism indicating kidney function.

    • urinary system functions: Critical for maintaining water, salt, and acid balance through blood filtration.

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    Description

    Explore essential medical terminology related to the urinary system in this flashcard quiz. Learn key terms such as nephr/o, ren/o, and pyel/o to enhance your understanding of kidney function and anatomy. Perfect for students in medical, nursing, or healthcare programs.

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