Overview of the Tree of Life and Evolution
42 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following correctly indicates the genus and species name for a lion?

  • Felidae, Carnivora
  • Panthera, leo (correct)
  • Carnivora, Panthera
  • Mammalia, Panthera

    • What is the highest taxonomic rank in the Linnaean hierarchy?

  • Class
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Domain (correct)

    • What role does phylogenetics play in the study of organisms?

  • It focuses on the geographic distribution of organisms.
  • It determines the diet of different species.
  • It classifies organisms based on physical characteristics.
  • It analyzes the evolutionary history and relationships among organisms. (correct)

    • Which of the following statements about taxonomy is true?

    <p>Taxonomic units at any level are called taxa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can DNA sequences be utilized in phylogenetic analyses?

    <p>They allow comparison of present-day species to a common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of rRNA in cells?

    <p>It forms part of the ribosome essential for translation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the phylogenetic tree?

    <p>It shows the evolutionary relationships and patterns of descent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mutations contribute to evolution?

    <p>They accumulate over time, driving variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when two taxa are described as sister taxa?

    <p>They share an immediate common ancestor not shared by any other group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation is associated with the use of rRNA gene sequences in phylogenetic analyses?

    <p>They cannot tolerate large mutations and mutate slowly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Plasmodium species does NOT cause malaria?

    <p>Plasmodium asexualis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the female Anopheles mosquito in the life cycle of Plasmodium?

    <p>It transmits the infective sporozoites to humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Plasmodium is considered the infective form?

    <p>Sporozoite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the annual malaria infections are estimated to occur in Africa?

    <p>Roughly 90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with viruses?

    <p>Have complex life cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of a rhinovirus?

    <p>30 nm - 800 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows some bacteria to endure extreme conditions for extended periods?

    <p>Formation of endospores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is known as the largest virus infecting amoeba?

    <p>Pandoravirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about bacterial growth phases is true?

    <p>In the stationary phase, bacterial growth ceases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components protects the viral genome?

    <p>Protein coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of aerobic bacteria?

    <p>They require oxygen for metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of photosynthesis do purple and green sulphur bacteria perform?

    <p>Anoxygenic photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of bacterial cells present in the human body?

    <p>~10^13-10^14 bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stage of the plague caused by Yersinia pestis?

    <p>Chirpy plague</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes obligate anaerobes from facultative anaerobes?

    <p>Obligate anaerobes cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason bacteria are considered an important reservoir of nutrients?

    <p>They play a role in nutrient cycles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural category does the Tobacco mosaic virus belong to?

    <p>Helical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the Norovirus’s genome?

    <p>Single stranded positive RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?

    <p>Converts RNA into DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of viral structure is characterized by a head that is an icosahedron and a tail that is helical?

    <p>Complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do enveloped viruses, such as HIV, acquire their envelopes?

    <p>From the host cell's plasma membrane during budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of viral genomes, what does a (+) strand RNA signify?

    <p>It can be translated directly into protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes pleomorphic viruses?

    <p>They can exist in various forms and often exhibit branched structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinguishing feature of viruses compared to living organisms?

    <p>They replicate exclusively within host cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes the cell wall composition of Archaea from that of bacteria?

    <p>Archaea do not contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following archaeal genera is known to possess a completely S-layer based cell wall?

    <p>Methanocaldococcus jannaschii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural characteristic differentiates archaeal lipids from those found in bacterial and eukaryotic membranes?

    <p>Archaeal lipids use ether linkages to bond the lipid tail to glycerol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is NOT typical of the archaeal cell membrane structure?

    <p>Presence of peptidoglycan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hami in Archaea?

    <p>Biofilm formation and attachment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes archaeal flagella from bacterial flagella?

    <p>Archaeal flagella rotate to drive motility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method of reproduction observed in many Archaea?

    <p>Binary fission resulting in genetically identical daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is a notable feature of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium?

    <p>It possesses pseudomurein in its cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of the Tree of Life

    • Life has three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
    • Microorganisms are the dominant form of life
    • Multicellular life evolved from single-celled organisms
    • Classification is done using Linnaean classification and phylogenetic analysis

    Macroorganisms

    • Bacteria are a major group of microorganisms
    • Protists (Paramecium), fungi (Aspergillus), are other examples of macroscopic organisms
    • Organisms are classified based on shared characteristics
    • Binomial nomenclature provides two-part scientific names for each species (e.g., Panthera pardus)

    Cellular Principles of Life

    • All cellular life evolved from a common ancestor
    • Genetic information is encoded in DNA
    • DNA is transcribed into RNA
    • RNA is translated into protein via ribosomes
    • Evolution involves changes in blueprints over time, driving biodiversity

    Evolution

    • Evolution is the process of change that results in new species
    • All life shares a common ancestor (LUCA)
    • Life evolved into three domains

    Time Scale of Life

    • Life originated ~ 3.8 billion years ago
    • Microbial life on earth existed until about 1 billion years ago

    Life on Earth

    • Earth formed ~ 4.6 billion years ago
    • The first prokaryotes arose ~ 3.8 billion years ago
    • Life was exclusively microbial until about a billion years ago
    • Classification of organisms was made using Linnaean taxonomy
    • Organisms were classified based on observable characterstics
    • The linnaean system used names like species and order for classification

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Biology Past Paper PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating concepts of the Tree of Life, including the three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. This quiz covers key principles of cellular life, the process of evolution, and the classification of organisms through Linnaean taxonomy and binomial nomenclature.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser