BIOL214W1: Invertebrate Diversity and Ecology - Tree of Life Classification Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between Domain Eubacteria and Domain Archaea in terms of the presence of nucleus and mitochondria?

Domain Eubacteria lacks nucleus and mitochondria, while Domain Archaea has a nucleus but lacks mitochondria.

What type of nutrition is common in both Domain Eubacteria and Domain Archaea?

Both Domain Eubacteria and Domain Archaea can be autotrophic or heterotrophic in terms of nutrition.

What is the main difference in the cell wall composition between Eubacteria and Fungi?

Eubacteria have cell walls with peptidoglycan, while Fungi have cell walls without peptidoglycan.

Which Kingdom within Eukarya includes organisms that are primarily photosynthetic and develop through embryonic tissue layering?

The Plantae Kingdom within Eukarya includes organisms that are photosynthetic and develop through embryonic tissue layering. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of reproduction in the Kingdom Metazoa (Animalia)?

The Kingdom Metazoa (Animalia) primarily reproduces sexually. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus when studying the Kingdom Protista?

The main focus when studying the Kingdom Protista is on animal-like forms (previously known as 'Protozoa') and photosynthetic algae. Signup and view all the answers

How do eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in terms of cellular structure?

Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two broad groups that all living organisms fall into?

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Signup and view all the answers

Name the two kingdoms (or domains) of Prokaryotes.

Eubacteria and Archaea. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between Eubacteria and Archaea in terms of cell walls?

Eubacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, while Archaea do not. Signup and view all the answers

Where can prokaryotes be found in terms of diverse environments?

Prokaryotes have colonised every conceivable niche on earth, from hydrothermal vents to sewage treatment ponds. Signup and view all the answers

What role do bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle?

Bacteria play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle by fixing nitrogen, converting it to different forms, and releasing it back into the environment. Signup and view all the answers

What must taxon names for the categories Superfamily and all taxa below be based on?

Type specimens, type species, or type genera Signup and view all the answers

Who established the Linnaean Binomial Naming System?

Carolus Linnaeus Signup and view all the answers

What are the two parts of a scientific name in the binomial system?

Generic and specific epithets Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the entire binomial name of an animal species?

Binomen Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for the species name in the binomial system?

Latin name Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for the phylum Platyhelminthes?

Flatworms Signup and view all the answers

Which phylum includes segmented worms such as fan worms and earthworms?

Annelida Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for the phylum Arthropoda?

Arthropods Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms are included in the phylum Mollusca?

Molluscs Signup and view all the answers

What group of organisms is included in the phylum Chordata?

Chordates Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Differences Between Domains

Eubacteria lack a nucleus and mitochondria, whereas Archaea also do not have these organelles.
Both Eubacteria and Archaea commonly exhibit various nutritional modes, including autotrophy and heterotrophy.

Cell Wall Composition

Eubacteria typically have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, while fungi possess chitin.

Eukarya Kingdoms

The Kingdom Plantae within Eukarya includes organisms that are primarily photosynthetic and develop from embryonic tissue layers.

Kingdom Metazoa Reproduction

The primary mode of reproduction in the Kingdom Metazoa (Animalia) is sexual reproduction, often involving complex life cycles.

Focus of Kingdom Protista Studies

The Kingdom Protista is often studied for its diversity of unicellular and simple multicellular organisms, particularly their roles in ecosystems and evolutionary history.

Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic cells possess a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells lack these structures.

Living Organism Groups

All living organisms are categorized into two broad groups: prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Prokaryotic Domains

The two domains of prokaryotes are Domain Eubacteria and Domain Archaea.

Cell Wall Differences

A primary distinction between Eubacteria and Archaea is that Eubacteria have a peptidoglycan-based cell wall, while Archaea have cell walls composed of other polymers like pseudopeptidoglycan.

Habitat of Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes are found in diverse environments, including extreme conditions such as hot springs, deep-sea vents, and high-saline areas.

Role of Bacteria in Nitrogen Cycle

Bacteria play a critical role in the nitrogen cycle by facilitating processes such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification.

Taxon Naming Basis

Taxon names for categories Superfamily and all taxa below must be based on significant taxonomic traits.

Linnaean Binomial Naming System

The Linnaean Binomial Naming System was established by Carl Linnaeus.

Parts of Scientific Name

A scientific name in the binomial system consists of two parts: the genus name and the species identifier.

Term for Entire Binomial Name

The term used for the entire binomial name of an animal species is the "scientific name."

Species Name Terminology

Another term for the species name in the binomial system is the "specific epithet."

Common Names of Phyla

The common name for the phylum Platyhelminthes is "flatworms."
The phylum Annelida includes segmented worms such as fan worms and earthworms.
The common name for the phylum Arthropoda is "arthropods," which includes insects, arachnids, and crustaceans.
The phylum Mollusca includes organisms such as snails, clams, and octopuses.
The phylum Chordata includes a diverse group of organisms including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.

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Description

Test your knowledge on how diversity is classified and grouped into lower and more specific levels in the tree of life. Explore the classification of species into prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and understand the broad groups within the tree of life.