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Questions and Answers
The skeletal system includes bones, cartilages, tendons, and ligaments.
The skeletal system includes bones, cartilages, tendons, and ligaments.
True
Compact bone forms the inner trabeculated layer of bones.
Compact bone forms the inner trabeculated layer of bones.
False
Ligaments connect muscles to bones.
Ligaments connect muscles to bones.
False
Spongy bone has a light and porous structure, often filled with marrow.
Spongy bone has a light and porous structure, often filled with marrow.
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There are two principal components of bone material: collagen and calciumfluoride.
There are two principal components of bone material: collagen and calciumfluoride.
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Long bones include the humerus and femur.
Long bones include the humerus and femur.
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Short bones are generally cylindrical in shape.
Short bones are generally cylindrical in shape.
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Irregular bones do not fit into any other bone category.
Irregular bones do not fit into any other bone category.
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The scapula is an example of a flat bone.
The scapula is an example of a flat bone.
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Endochondral ossification involves bones developing from a fibrous connective tissue membrane.
Endochondral ossification involves bones developing from a fibrous connective tissue membrane.
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Study Notes
Skeletal System Overview
- The skeletal system, along with the muscular and articular systems, is vital for human movement
- Three organ systems (Skeletal, Muscular & Articular) must be united for movement
- Skeletal system provides support and shape
- Skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and tendons
Parts of the Skeletal System
- Bones (skeleton): The hard framework of the body
- Cartilage (flexible connective tissue): Flexible support and cushioning between bones
- Ligaments (connective tissues): Connect bones together, particularly at joints
- Tendons (fibrous connective tissue): Attach muscles to bones
The Bone
- Bone is a rigid tissue composed of cells in a hard, intercellular matrix
- The matrix primarily consists of collagen and calcium phosphate
- Bone structures are significantly diverse
Types of Bone
-
Compact bone: Forms the hard outer layer of all bones; provides protection and strength
- Units called Osteons encase a central canal containing blood vessels and nerve fibers
-
Spongy bone: Forms the inner layer of all bones; lightweight and porous structure
- Filled with marrow and blood vessels
Classification of Bones by Shape
-
Long bones:
- Consist of a proximal (upper) end, diaphysis (shaft), and distal (lower) end
- Examples: humerus, femur, tibia (upper and lower limbs)
-
Short bones:
- Generally cuboidal in shape
- Examples: Carpals (wrist), tarsals (ankle)
-
Irregular bones:
- Vary in shape and don't fit into other categories
- Examples: Vertebrae, hip bones, and some skull bones
-
Flat bones:
- Flat shape
- Examples: Cranium bones (skull), sternum
Bone Development
- Intramembranous ossification: Bone develops from fibrous connective tissue membranes; examples: skull flat bones and clavicles
- Endochondral ossification: Bone initially develops from cartilage, then replaces cartilage with bone; examples: all long bones
Axial Skeleton
- Consists of skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
- Skull protects the brain
- Vertebral column comprises vertebrae for support
- Thoracic cage protects vital organs like the heart and lungs
Appendicular Skeleton
- Includes the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, upper limbs, and lower limbs
Skull
- Protects the brain
- Provides entrances to respiratory and digestive systems
- Contains 22 bones: 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones
Vertebral Column
- Consists of a series of vertebrae
- Provides support and flexibility to the body
Thoracic Cage
- Made up of the thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum
- Protects internal organs, such as the heart and lungs
Ribs
- Attached to vertebrae and the sternum (true ribs), others are attached to costal cartilage of the 7th rib (false ribs)
- Several floating ribs that do not connect to the sternum
Sternum
- Consists of three parts: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
Upper Appendicular
- Consists of the shoulder girdle (clavicle and scapula), humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges
Lower Appendicular
- Consists of the pelvic girdle (ilium, ischium, and pubis), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges
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Description
This quiz covers the essential components and functions of the skeletal system, including its relationship with the muscular and articular systems. Understand the structure of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons, along with the types of bone and their roles in the human body.
