Human Anatomy: Skeletal System

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the sutural ligament in the skull?

It provides movement to the mandible

It unites the bones of the skull at immobile joints (correct)

It forms the base of the skull

It separates the brain and meninges from the skull

How many bones are there in the cranium?

8 paired and 2 unpaired bones (correct)

What is the name of the joint that connects the mandible to the skull?

Facial joint

Sutural joint

Cranial joint

Temporomandibular joint (correct)

What is the name of the layer of bone between the external and internal tables of compact bone?

Diploë Signup and view all the answers

How many bones are there in the facial bones?

10 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the frontal bone?

It contains the frontal paranasal sinuses Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bone that forms the lower jaw?

Mandible Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cavity that contains the brain and meninges?

Cranial cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the glenoid fossa?

Articulates with the mandibular condyle to form the temporomandibular joint Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the temporal bone contains the auditory and vestibular apparatuses?

Petrous part Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the zygomatic process?

Extends laterally and anteriorly to form the zygomatic arch Signup and view all the answers

How many temporal bones are present in the human skull?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the dorsum sellae?

Square Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the foramen located posterior to the styloid process?

Stylomastoid foramen Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the sphenoid bone contains the optic canal?

Body Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tympanic part of the temporal bone?

Forms the external acoustic meatus Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the sinus present in the sphenoid bone?

Sphenoid paranasal sinus Signup and view all the answers

How many foramina are present in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What separates the lesser wing from the greater wing?

Superior orbital fissure Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process that forms part of the nasal cavity in the sphenoid bone?

Anterior portion of the body Signup and view all the answers

What arises from the inferior surface of the body of the sphenoid bone?

Pterygoid process Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone?

Forms part of the nasal septum Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone?

Contains foramina for the olfactory nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest part of the ethmoid bone?

Ethmoid labyrinth Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest part of the frontal bone?

Squamous portion Signup and view all the answers

How many parietal bones are there in the cranial vault?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the squamous portion of the occipital bone?

Posterior and superior to the foramen magnum Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the occipital condyles?

To articulate with the atlas Signup and view all the answers

What type of ossification do the parts of the parietal bone undergo?

Intramembranous ossification Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protuberance located on the squamous portion of the occipital bone?

External occipital protuberance Signup and view all the answers

What are the grooves on the internal surface of the squamous portion of the occipital bone for?

For the sinuses forming the confluence of the sinuses Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the canal located in the lateral portion of the occipital bone?

Hypoglossal canal Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Axial Skeleton

The skeletal system can be classified into axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
Axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

Skull

The skull is composed of 22 separate bones united at immobile joints called sutures
The connective tissue between the bones is called a sutural ligament
The mandible is an exception, united to the skull by the mobile temporomandibular joint

Cranium

The cranium consists of 8 bones: 2 parietal, 2 temporal, 1 frontal, 1 sphenoid, 1 occipital, and 1 ethmoid
The vault is the upper part of the cranium, and the base of the skull is the lowest part of the cranium
The skull bones are made up of external and internal tables of compact bone separated by a layer of spongy bone called the diploë

Facial Bones

The facial bones consist of 14 bones: 2 zygomatic, 2 maxillae, 2 nasal, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2 inferior conchae, 1 mandible, and 1 vomer

Frontal Bone

Characteristics:
- Contains the frontal paranasal sinuses
- 1 frontal bone
- 3 parts: squamous portion, orbital portion, and nasal portion

Parietal Bone

Characteristics:
- Forms the majority of the cranial vault
- 2 parietal bones
- Relatively square, forming the roof and sides of the cranial vault
- Parts: All parts undergo intramembranous ossification

Occipital Bone

Characteristics:
- Forms the posterior part of the cranial vault
- Articulates with the atlas
- 1 occipital bone
- 3 parts: squamous portion, lateral portion, and basilar portion

Temporal Bone

Characteristics:
- Helps form the base and lateral walls of the skull
- Houses the auditory and vestibular apparatuses
- Contains mastoid air cells
- 2 temporal bones
- 4 parts: squamous part, petrous part, tympanic part, and styloid process

Sphenoid Bone

Characteristics:
- Forms the majority of the middle portion of the cranial base
- Contains the sphenoid paranasal sinus
- 1 sphenoid bone
- 4 parts: body, greater wing, lesser wing, and pterygoid process

Ethmoid Bone

Characteristics:
- A porous bone that forms the major portion of the middle part of the face between the orbits
- Helps form the orbit, nasal cavity, nasal septum, and anterior cranial fossa
- 1 ethmoid bone
- 3 parts: perpendicular plate, cribriform plate, and ethmoid labyrinth

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Description

Classification of the bones of the body into axial and appendicular skeleton, including the skull and its components.