Overview of the Immune System and Lymphatic System
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the lymphatic system in relation to the blood stream?

  • Carries excess fluid to the blood stream and removes pathogens (correct)
  • Generates antibodies to fight infections within the blood stream
  • Transports nutrients from the blood stream to the cells
  • Creates a barrier to block pathogens from entering the blood stream

What can happen if the lymphatic system gets blocked?

  • Immune response gets stronger
  • Skin thickens to prevent further blockages
  • Mucus membranes become less effective
  • Lymphedema can develop (correct)

How does lymph move in the lymphatic system?

  • By gravitational force
  • Through electrical impulses
  • Due to pressure within the lymphatic system
  • Due to muscle contractions and breathing (correct)

What is the function of lymph nodes in the immune system?

<p>Staging area for an immune response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system can be organized into three phases: barrier, innate, and adaptive?

<p>Immune system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lacteals in the intestines?

<p>Carry dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins to the liver and bloodstream (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are B, T, and natural killer (NK) cells classified as?

<p>Leukocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do B cells mature?

<p>Bone marrow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of NK cells in the immune response?

<p>Destroy infected cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell comes from monocytes and is known for attacking foreign substances?

<p>Macrophages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of phagocytes in the immune system?

<p>Destroy pathogens by ingestion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ in the lymphatic system contains many dendritic cells and macrophages?

<p>Spleen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cytotoxic T cells in the immune response?

<p>Destroy infected cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary lymphoid organ?

<p><strong>Lymph nodes</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which NK cells kill infected cells?

<p><strong>Apoptosis</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason the HIV virus is so difficult to eliminate?

<p>It is able to hide in the body and never get completely destroyed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism behind Type 1 hypersensitivity (immediate hypersensitivity)?

<p>IgE binding to mast cells and causing degranulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of epinephrine injectors in the treatment of anaphylactic shock?

<p>To inhibit the anaphylactic response and prevent life-threatening symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the 'Elimination' and 'Escape' phases of cancer and the immune system?

<p>Elimination means the immune system kills most cancer cells, while Escape means the cancer cells evade the immune system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that family members are more likely to be a match for organ/tissue transplantation?

<p>They have similar genetic backgrounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key risk associated with a bone marrow transplant, as described in the text?

<p>The recipient's body will have no immune response of its own (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of regulatory T cells?

<p>To suppress other T cells and immune response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which B cells that might attack 'self' antigens are eliminated?

<p>Central tolerance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibody is associated with allergies and anaphylaxis?

<p>IgE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the reciprocal relationship between virus and antibody levels in the blood?

<p>Seroconversion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune cells are primarily responsible for killing viruses inside the body?

<p>Cytotoxic T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which pathogens can evade the immune system?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunodeficiency affects both the T and B cell arms of the immune system?

<p>Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which antibodies can prevent pathogens from binding to receptors?

<p>Neutralization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity involves the transfer of antibodies, such as from a mother to a fetus or during a blood transfusion?

<p>Passive immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process by which a B cell changes the type of antibody it produces?

<p>Class switching (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of opsonization?

<p>To mark pathogens for phagocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of inflammation?

<p>Coldness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the inflammatory response?

<p>To kill pathogens and clean up debris (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of histamine in inflammation?

<p>Causing vasodilation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do large amounts of swelling in an injury indicate?

<p>Presence of neutrophils in the area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune response slows down a pathogen to allow time for the adaptive immune response to develop?

<p>Innate immune response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of T cells?

<p>Bind to antigens for recognition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during clonal expansion in T cells?

<p>Rapid mitosis and cell replication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of T cell helps draw B cells to antigens?

<p>Th2 cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antigen presenting cells in the immune response?

<p>Present antigens to T cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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