41 Questions
What is the function of the lymphatic system in relation to the blood stream?
Carries excess fluid to the blood stream and removes pathogens
What can happen if the lymphatic system gets blocked?
Lymphedema can develop
How does lymph move in the lymphatic system?
Due to muscle contractions and breathing
What is the function of lymph nodes in the immune system?
Staging area for an immune response
Which system can be organized into three phases: barrier, innate, and adaptive?
Immune system
What is the role of lacteals in the intestines?
Carry dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins to the liver and bloodstream
Which type of cells are B, T, and natural killer (NK) cells classified as?
Leukocytes
Where do B cells mature?
Bone marrow
What is the main function of NK cells in the immune response?
Destroy infected cells
Which type of cell comes from monocytes and is known for attacking foreign substances?
Macrophages
What is the primary role of phagocytes in the immune system?
Destroy pathogens by ingestion
Which organ in the lymphatic system contains many dendritic cells and macrophages?
Spleen
What is the function of cytotoxic T cells in the immune response?
Destroy infected cells
Which of the following is NOT considered a primary lymphoid organ?
Lymph nodes
What is the process by which NK cells kill infected cells?
Apoptosis
What is the main reason the HIV virus is so difficult to eliminate?
It is able to hide in the body and never get completely destroyed
What is the primary mechanism behind Type 1 hypersensitivity (immediate hypersensitivity)?
IgE binding to mast cells and causing degranulation
What is the primary purpose of epinephrine injectors in the treatment of anaphylactic shock?
To inhibit the anaphylactic response and prevent life-threatening symptoms
What is the key difference between the 'Elimination' and 'Escape' phases of cancer and the immune system?
Elimination means the immune system kills most cancer cells, while Escape means the cancer cells evade the immune system
What is the primary reason that family members are more likely to be a match for organ/tissue transplantation?
They have similar genetic backgrounds
What is the key risk associated with a bone marrow transplant, as described in the text?
The recipient's body will have no immune response of its own
What is the primary function of regulatory T cells?
To suppress other T cells and immune response
What is the process by which B cells that might attack 'self' antigens are eliminated?
Central tolerance
Which type of antibody is associated with allergies and anaphylaxis?
IgE
What is the term used to describe the reciprocal relationship between virus and antibody levels in the blood?
Seroconversion
Which type of immune cells are primarily responsible for killing viruses inside the body?
Cytotoxic T cells
What is the process by which pathogens can evade the immune system?
All of the above
Which type of immunodeficiency affects both the T and B cell arms of the immune system?
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID)
What is the process by which antibodies can prevent pathogens from binding to receptors?
Neutralization
Which type of immunity involves the transfer of antibodies, such as from a mother to a fetus or during a blood transfusion?
Passive immunity
What is the term used to describe the process by which a B cell changes the type of antibody it produces?
Class switching
What is the purpose of opsonization?
To mark pathogens for phagocytosis
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of inflammation?
Coldness
What is the main goal of the inflammatory response?
To kill pathogens and clean up debris
What is the role of histamine in inflammation?
Causing vasodilation
What do large amounts of swelling in an injury indicate?
Presence of neutrophils in the area
Which immune response slows down a pathogen to allow time for the adaptive immune response to develop?
Innate immune response
What is the primary function of T cells?
Bind to antigens for recognition
What happens during clonal expansion in T cells?
Rapid mitosis and cell replication
Which type of T cell helps draw B cells to antigens?
Th2 cells
What is the role of antigen presenting cells in the immune response?
Present antigens to T cells
Learn about the immune system's role in defending the body against intruders and the lymphatic system's function in carrying excess fluid and removing pathogens. Understand the importance of lymph nodes as staging areas for immune responses and the risk of lymphedema if the lymphatic system gets blocked.
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