Lymphatic System and its Role in the Immune System

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What is the medical term that encompasses common allergies?

CD4 receptor

Hypersensitivity (correct)

Anaphylaxis

Opportunistic disease

Which type of hypersensitivity is caused by IgE binding to mast cells and causing degranulation?

Type 4

Type 3

Type 1 (correct)

Type 2

What is the purpose of epinephrine injectors in cases of anaphylactic shock?

To strengthen the immune system

To destroy the virus

To test for allergies

To inhibit an anaphylactic response (correct)

Which type of hypersensitivity is the body's response to a blood transfusion of the wrong type?

Type 2 Signup and view all the answers

In which type of hypersensitivity do antigen and antibody accumulate and travel through the bloodstream, eventually getting caught up in organs?

Type 3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the first and second exposure in Type 4 hypersensitivity?

The first exposure is called sensitization, and the second exposure releases cytokines to bring many macrophages and cytotoxic T cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lymphocytes?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lymphocyte matures in the thymus gland?

T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of natural killer (NK) cells?

To destroy cells infected with bacteria and viruses Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of macrophages in the immune system?

To phagocytose and destroy pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the spleen in the immune system?

To filter debris and pathogens from the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the skin as a barrier in the immune system?

To provide a physical and chemical barrier against pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of dendritic cells in the immune system?

To present antigens to T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chemokines in the immune system?

To attract immune cells to the site of infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of interferon in the immune system?

To induce an early immune response against pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lymph nodes in the immune system?

To filter debris and pathogens from the lymph fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of opsonization in the immune response?

To kill pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of inflammation?

Swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of vasodilation in the inflammatory response?

To increase blood flow and allow easier access to tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of T cells in the adaptive immune response?

Recognize antigens presented by MHC molecules Signup and view all the answers

What happens during clonal expansion in the immune response?

Rapid mitosis of T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which cells release cytokines to draw macrophages to the antigen?

Th1 cells Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during antigen processing in the immune response?

Antigens bind to antigen presenting cells like dendritic cells Signup and view all the answers

'Immunological memory' refers to what concept in immune responses?

'Infections early in life protect later in life' Signup and view all the answers

'Primary adaptive response' refers to what event?

'First exposure to a pathogen' Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Th2 cells in the immune response?

Release cytokines to draw B cells to the antigen Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lymphatic system in the body?

Carries excess fluid to the blood stream and removes pathogens Signup and view all the answers

How do lymphatic capillaries function?

They have no valves, relying on muscle contractions and breathing for lymph movement Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the lymphatic system gets blocked?

A lymphedema can develop, which is a serious condition Signup and view all the answers

How many phases can the immune system be organized into?

3 phases: barrier, innate, and adaptive Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates barrier defenses from the innate immune response?

Barrier defenses are quick but nonspecific, like the skin and mucus membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of lymph movement within the body?

Muscle contractions and breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of regulatory T cells?

To suppress other T cells and the immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when a naïve B cell attaches to a 'self' antigen and is signaled for destruction?

Peripheral tolerance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibody types is associated with allergies and anaphylaxis?

IgE Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process where the antibody type produced by a B cell changes from one type to another?

Class switching Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity involves the transfer of antibodies, as seen in a fetus or during a blood transfusion?

Passive immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the coating of a pathogen with antibodies, preventing it from binding to receptors?

Neutralization Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune cell is primarily responsible for killing viruses inside the body?

Cytotoxic T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the reciprocal relationship between virus and antibody levels in the blood?

Seroconversion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mechanism by which pathogens can evade the immune system?