Overview of Model of Human Occupation (MOHO)

Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) Overview

• Developed in the 1980s, revised thrice, originating from Mary Reilly's work on occupational behavior.
• Key authors include Gary Kielhofner, Janice Burke, and Cynthia Heard.
• Recognized as one of the most researched theories in occupational therapy.

Purpose of MOHO

• Aims to rediscover the significance of occupation, emphasizing motivation, patterns, and performance.
• Explores the impact of the environment on occupational engagement.

Core Concepts of MOHO

• MOHO provides a theoretical framework with practical tools for occupational therapy.
• Focuses on how individuals are motivated toward and engage in work, play, and self-care activities.
• Considers the effects of environmental factors on occupational participation and performance.

Assumptions of MOHO

• Humans have a biological inclination to be active; occupation is vital for self-organization.
• Internal components interact dynamically with the environment, influencing thinking, feeling, and doing.
• Each component contributes to the overall system's functionality, shaped by social and cultural contexts.

Target Population and Settings

• Applicable across the lifespan for anyone facing occupational challenges, including:
  • Adults with chronic pain, children with ADHD, individuals with traumatic brain injury, older adults with dementia, and more.
• Utilized in diverse therapeutic settings such as hospitals, outpatient clinics, rehabilitation programs, and correctional facilities.

MOHO Components

• Comprises three interrelated parts:
  • Volition: Motivation to engage in occupations.
  • Habituation: Organization of occupations into habits and roles.
  • Performance Capacity: Physical and mental abilities essential for occupational skill performance.

Volition in Depth

• Defined as the process of motivation and choice in activities, driven by anticipation, experience, and interpretation.
• Underlined by three personal characteristics:
  • Personal Causation: Sense of competence.
  • Values: Beliefs dictating what is important.
  • Interests: Activities found enjoyable.

Habituation Explained

• Represents the internal readiness to exhibit consistent behavior patterns influenced by habits and roles.
• Habits are automatic actions developed over time, while roles create expectations based on one's social status.

Performance Capacity Components

• Encompasses objective abilities (physical and cognitive) and subjective experiences (individual perceptions of performance).

Environmental Influence

• Environments, both physical and social, shape opportunities for engagement and impact occupational performance.
• Social contexts introduce cultural norms that guide occupational actions.

Dimensions of Doing

• Occupational Participation: Broad engagement in socially meaningful activities.
• Occupational Performance: Execution of specific tasks within daily life.
• Performance Skills: Observable actions that enable task completion (e.g., motor, process, communication skills).

Occupational Adaptation

• Focuses on developing a positive identity and achieving competence over time through occupational engagement.
• Reflects the interplay between occupational identity (self-concept based on engagement) and occupational competence (ability to sustain participation).

Change and Motivation

• Change occurs through active occupational engagement and adaptations in systems.
• Motivation to engage is influenced by individual interests and values.

Therapy Approach in MOHO

• Therapy is a process focusing on clients' engagement in occupations to facilitate changes in abilities, routines, and self-concepts.
• Employs therapeutic reasoning across six steps: question generation, information gathering, analysis, goal creation, implementation, and outcome assessment.

Assessment Methods

• Evaluation should be holistic, looking at the entire human system.
• Utilizes observational, informal, and structured tools to assess client functioning and perspectives.

Intervention Strategies

• Aims to enhance the individual's open system by selecting appropriate activities and therapeutic strategies.
• Involves actively engaging clients in tailored activities to monitor their progress.

Theoretical Relationships

• Highlights the interdependence of volition, habituation, and performance capacity in occupational actions.
• Emphasizes the inseparability of individuals from their environments in shaping experiences and identity.

Key Ideas of MOHO

• Occupation is fundamental to human self-organization and operates within a dynamic open system of subsystems.
• Therapy harnesses occupation to influence individuals’ abilities and self-concepts, fostering adaptation and identity development.

Explore the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), a significant framework in occupational therapy. Developed in the 1980s, this quiz covers its core concepts, purpose, and key authors, highlighting the importance of occupation in an individual's life. Discover how internal and environmental factors influence engagement in various activities.