47 Questions
What is the primary mechanism by which decongestants reduce nasal congestion?
Constricting the dilated arterioles and reducing the blood flow to engorged nasal vascular beds
What is the main reason for discontinuation of phenylpropanolamine (PPA) from pharmaceutical products?
Risk of haemorrhagic stroke
Which compound is a stimulant of both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors?
Ephedrine
Which compound is a powerful alpha2-adrenergic receptor stimulant?
All of the above
What are the common toxic manifestations of decongestant toxicity?
CNS stimulation, hypertension, and tachycardia
What is the primary difference between ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in terms of adrenergic receptor activity?
Ephedrine has only 25% of the adrenergic receptor activity of pseudoephedrine
Which compound was discontinued from all pharmaceutical products due to the risk of haemorrhagic stroke?
Phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
What is the significant risk associated with phenylpropanolamine use, particularly among women?
Increased risk of haemorrhagic stroke
What are the serious manifestations of decongestant toxicity?
Seizures, severe dysrhythmias, and cerebral haemorrhage
What is the distinguishing feature of phenylpropanolamine in terms of beta-adrenergic receptor activity?
'Phenylpropanolamine has no beta-adrenergic receptor activity'
What type of dose used for phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is greater in appetite suppression compared to cough and cold preparations?
Higher dose for appetite suppression
What is the most common drug involved in overdose, registering approximately 60% of all analgesic exposures?
Acetaminophen
Which substance is the antidote for acetaminophen poisoning?
N-Acetylcysteine
What does chronic overuse of imidazoline decongestants result in?
Reactive vasodilation of the nasal mucosa
What is the most common cause of liver failure in the U.S.?
Acetaminophen
Which substance may cause significant hypertension and reflex bradycardia?
Phenylpropanolamine
What is the result of the production of the reactive intermediate, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) metabolite?
Hepatotoxic sequelae
What does binding of NAPQI to hepatocyte membranes and sulfhydril proteins account for?
Hepatotoxic sequelae
What is recommended to effectively bind salicylates and to prevent intestinal obstruction due to concretions?
Activated charcoal and cathartics
What enhances ASA elimination by alkalinizing the urine while simultaneously reversing metabolic acidosis?
Sodium bicarbonate administration
What substance restores glutathione reserves by providing sulfhydric donors for the eventual detoxification of NAPQI?
N-Acetylcysteine
What is the most common drug involved in overdose, registering approximately 60% of all analgesic exposures?
Acetaminophen
What does chronic use or with large doses of acetaminophen lead to?
Depletion of glutathione stores
What are the primary toxic manifestations of decongestant toxicity?
CNS stimulation, hypertension, tachycardia
Which compound is a powerful alpha2-adrenergic receptor stimulant?
Naphazoline, oxymetazoline, tetrahydrozoline, xylometazoline
What is the distinguishing feature of phenylpropanolamine in terms of beta-adrenergic receptor activity?
Devoid of beta-adrenergic receptor activity
What are the serious manifestations of decongestant toxicity?
Seizures, dysrhythmias, cerebral haemorrhage, psychosis
What does the chronic overuse of imidazoline decongestants result in?
Headache
What is the significant risk associated with phenylpropanolamine use, particularly among women?
Haemorrhagic stroke
What is the most common cause of liver failure in the U.S.?
Acetaminophen
What substance restores glutathione reserves by providing sulfhydric donors for the eventual detoxification of NAPQI?
N-acetylcysteine
What does binding of NAPQI to hepatocyte membranes and sulfhydril proteins account for?
Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity
What is the main reason for discontinuation of phenylpropanolamine (PPA) from pharmaceutical products?
Risk of haemorrhagic stroke
What is the primary mechanism by which decongestants reduce nasal congestion?
Stimulating the alpha-adrenergic receptor sites on vascular smooth muscles
What does chronic use or with large doses of acetaminophen lead to?
Liver failure
What is the antidote for acetaminophen poisoning?
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
What is the most common cause of liver failure in the U.S.?
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, paracetamol)
What is the primary difference between ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in terms of adrenergic receptor activity?
Ephedrine is a stimulant of both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors, while pseudoephedrine is a powerful alpha2-adrenergic receptor stimulant.
What does chronic overuse of imidazoline decongestants result in?
Reactive vasodilation of the nasal mucosa
What is the significant risk associated with phenylpropanolamine use, particularly among women?
Hypertension
What does binding of NAPQI to hepatocyte membranes and sulfhydril proteins account for?
Hepatotoxic sequelae
What substance restores glutathione reserves by providing sulfhydric donors for the eventual detoxification of NAPQI?
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
What is the distinguishing feature of phenylpropanolamine in terms of beta-adrenergic receptor activity?
It may result in reflex bradycardia
What are the common toxic manifestations of decongestant toxicity?
CNS depression, hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression
What is the result of the production of the reactive intermediate, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) metabolite?
Hepatotoxic sequelae
What is recommended to effectively bind salicylates and to prevent intestinal obstruction due to concretions?
Activated charcoal and cathartics
What is the primary mechanism by which decongestants reduce nasal congestion?
Powerful alpha2-adrenergic receptor stimulation
This quiz covers the topic of decongestants and NSAIDs, focusing on how decongestants work to reduce nasal congestion by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptor sites on vascular smooth muscles. It also includes information about pseudoephedrine and its activity compared to ephedrine.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
