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Questions and Answers
Which structure in the ovaries is primarily responsible for producing estrogen?
Which structure in the ovaries is primarily responsible for producing estrogen?
What hormone is specifically known for promoting pregnancy?
What hormone is specifically known for promoting pregnancy?
In which species do the ovaries lie at the pelvic inlet due to caudal migration?
In which species do the ovaries lie at the pelvic inlet due to caudal migration?
Which animal has its ovarian cortex located in the center?
Which animal has its ovarian cortex located in the center?
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Which type of follicle develops a fluid-filled zone?
Which type of follicle develops a fluid-filled zone?
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What is one of the primary functions of the placenta?
What is one of the primary functions of the placenta?
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Which layer is considered the innermost layer of the placenta?
Which layer is considered the innermost layer of the placenta?
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What is the function of the allantois in the context of the placenta?
What is the function of the allantois in the context of the placenta?
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Which of the following describes the chorion?
Which of the following describes the chorion?
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Which of the following does not describe a function of the placenta?
Which of the following does not describe a function of the placenta?
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What is the function of the fetal endothelium?
What is the function of the fetal endothelium?
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What is the primary function of the ovarian bursa?
What is the primary function of the ovarian bursa?
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Where does ovulation specifically occur in mares?
Where does ovulation specifically occur in mares?
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Which species lacks the maternal epithelium and connective tissue layers in their placenta?
Which species lacks the maternal epithelium and connective tissue layers in their placenta?
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What is the role of the corpus luteum?
What is the role of the corpus luteum?
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What is the location of the chorionic epithelium?
What is the location of the chorionic epithelium?
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Which type of placenta is present in dogs and cats?
Which type of placenta is present in dogs and cats?
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Which structure is responsible for connecting the vagina with the external genital opening?
Which structure is responsible for connecting the vagina with the external genital opening?
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What constitutes the maternal component of the placenta?
What constitutes the maternal component of the placenta?
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What surrounds the blood vessels in fetal connective tissue of the chorioallantois?
What surrounds the blood vessels in fetal connective tissue of the chorioallantois?
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Which cells are responsible for producing reproductive hormones?
Which cells are responsible for producing reproductive hormones?
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What is the function of the cervix in the female reproductive system?
What is the function of the cervix in the female reproductive system?
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What is the scar tissue that forms after the corpus luteum degenerates called?
What is the scar tissue that forms after the corpus luteum degenerates called?
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What is the function of the vagina in the female reproductive system?
What is the function of the vagina in the female reproductive system?
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Which species possesses a funnel-shaped cervix?
Which species possesses a funnel-shaped cervix?
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During which events is the cervical canal open?
During which events is the cervical canal open?
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What type of epithelium is found cranially in the vagina?
What type of epithelium is found cranially in the vagina?
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What is the primary acidic characteristic of the vagina important for maintaining health?
What is the primary acidic characteristic of the vagina important for maintaining health?
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Which portion of the broad ligament attaches the ovary to the dorsolateral abdominal wall?
Which portion of the broad ligament attaches the ovary to the dorsolateral abdominal wall?
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What structure connects the ovary to the last rib?
What structure connects the ovary to the last rib?
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What is the cervical canal best described as?
What is the cervical canal best described as?
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What is the primary function of the oviduct?
What is the primary function of the oviduct?
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Which segment of the oviduct contains fimbriae and is responsible for picking up the oocyte from the ovary?
Which segment of the oviduct contains fimbriae and is responsible for picking up the oocyte from the ovary?
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What is the primary characteristic of the ampulla segment of the oviduct?
What is the primary characteristic of the ampulla segment of the oviduct?
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What are the three layers of the uterus?
What are the three layers of the uterus?
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Which layer of the uterus is characterized by a massive wall of smooth muscle?
Which layer of the uterus is characterized by a massive wall of smooth muscle?
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What is the location of the body of the uterus?
What is the location of the body of the uterus?
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What significant role does the cervix play in the reproductive system?
What significant role does the cervix play in the reproductive system?
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In which species can annular rings be found in the cervix?
In which species can annular rings be found in the cervix?
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Study Notes
Female Reproductive System Overview
- Ovaries produce female gametes (ova) and sex hormones (e.g., estrogen)
- Ovulation occurs in the ovulation fossa of the ovary
- The corpus hemorrhagicum is a blood clot formed after follicle rupture
- The corpus luteum develops from the corpus hemorrhagicum, producing progesterone
- The corpus albicans is a scar tissue from the corpus luteum
- The intercornual ligament connects uterine horns
- The cervix holds the fetus in the uterus
- The fornix is a blind-ended pocket around the cervix, shaped like a bootie hole
- The vestibule connects the vagina to the external genital opening
- The placenta is known as the cotyledonary placenta
- Found in ruminants, the caruncle makes up the maternal component of the placenta
- Vestibular glands lubricate the vagina during parturition
Placenta Details
- It's formed by the apposition of fetal and maternal membranes
- Exchanges nutrients, gases, and waste between mother and fetus
- Protects the growing fetus, providing hormones
- It forms a barrier between fetal and maternal blood
- The amnion contains amniotic fluid, protecting the fetus
- The allantois provides vasculature and collects liquid waste
Ovaries Function and Location
- Produce female gametes and sex hormones
- Located in the abdomen near the kidneys
- The cortex contains ovarian follicles
- The medulla contains connective tissue and blood vessels
Follicles
- The primary follicle has a single layer of cuboidal epithelium
- The secondary follicle has stratified epithelium
- The tertiary follicle is larger with a fluid-filled zone
- The mature follicle produces and stores estrogen
- In sows, follicles are multiple and look like boba (a type of tapioca dessert)
- The corpus luteum can become a temporary endocrine organ
Uterine Tube (Oviduct)
- Carries oocytes from the ovary to the uterus, and sperm towards the ovary
- Site of fertilization
- Parts include the infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus
- The infundibulum contains fimbriae that collect oocytes
- The ampulla slows the movement of the oocyte
- The isthmus leads to the uterine horn
Uterus
- Located between the cervix and uterine horns
- Contains the body of the uterus
- The uterus has 3 layers: endometrium, epithelium, simple stratified cuboidal
Cervix
- Function: holds the fetus in the uterus
- Located in the pelvic cavity or pelvic canal
- Species that have annular rings in the cervix (e.g., cows, ewes) and their ring counts
- Where cervical mucus flows into the vagina
- Site of sperm deposition in sows and mares
- Species with a funnel-shaped cervix (e.g., sows)
Vagina
- Located between the cervix and vulva
- Site of semen deposition
- Epithelium is initially ciliated columnar, then stratified squamous
- The vagina's pH is acidic
Broad Ligament
- Supports parts of the reproductive tract
- Three portions include mesovarium, mesosalpinx, and mesometrium
Additional Details
- Mares, bitches, queens, and mares have ovaries that are caudal to the kidneys
- Cows, ewes, and sows have ovaries at the pelvic inlet
- The ovarian cortex is in the center of the ovary in cows, ewes, and sows
- The uterine tube is held between its two layers by mesometrium.
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Description
Test your knowledge on ovarian structures and hormones! This quiz covers essential concepts related to estrogen production, pregnancy hormones, and the anatomical variations in different species. Perfect for biology students and enthusiasts alike!
