Female Reproductive System PDF

Female Reproductive system Definition you need to know Ovarian Bursa Produce female gametes and sex hormones Ovulation Fossa Where ovulation occurs in mares Corpus hemorrhagicum...

Female Reproductive system Definition you need to know Ovarian Bursa Produce female gametes and sex hormones Ovulation Fossa Where ovulation occurs in mares Corpus hemorrhagicum A small hemorrhage or blood clotted area that develops at the site of a ruptured follicle Corpus luteum A body of yellow cells that develop in the corpus hemorrhagicum and produces progesterone Corpus albicans A white body of connective tissue that creates a scar area Intercornual ligament Where the uterine horns meet Cervix Holds the fetus in the uterus Fornix 360degress blind-ended pocket around the cervical opening looks like a booty hole around the cervical opening Vestibule Connects the vagina with the external genital opening Placentome Known as the cotyledonary placenta Female Reproductive system 1  Found in ruminants where apposition occurs in discrete areas Caruncle Makes up maternal component of the placenta Vestibular glands Opens to the vestibule and lubricates the vagina/vestibule during paturation and copulation Theca cells Produces reproductive hormones endocrine cells Tunica albunguinea Dense white connective tissue, deep to the superficial epithelium Provides structure for testes Corona radiata Layer of cells adjacent to the oocyte Cumulus oophorus Mound of cells supporting oocyte Cotyledon Fetal component (Placenta) Function of the female reproductive tract Function Produces female sex hormones Produces pregnancy-promoting hormone Reproductive cell (oocyte) Female Reproductive system 2  Receives spermatozoa Facilitates fertilization What is the sex hormone females produce? Estrogen Which stage of the follicle produces the primary female sex hormone? Mature follicle What is the pregnancy-promoting hormone called Progesterone Ovaries Function of ovaries? Produce female gametes Produce sex hormones Located in the abdomen near the kidneys Cortex of ovaries contain Contains ovarian follicles Medulla of ovaries contain Contains connective tissue and blood vessels What species have their ovaries lie caudal to the kidneys Bitch, queen, and mare What species have their ovaries lie at the pelvic inlet due to caudal migration Cow, ewe, sow Which species of animal has the ovarian cortex in the center? Female Reproductive system 3  Mares Follicles What is the primary follicle Single layer of cuboidal epithelium What is the secondary follicle Stratified epithelium Thick covering zona pellucida What is the tertiary follicle Larger follicle and develops a fluid-filled zone What is the mature follicle Produces and stores estrogen What do sow follicles look like? Multiple follicles like boba 😍 What can become a temporary endocrine organ? Corpus luteum Uterine tube Oviduct (fallopian tube) Function Carries oocytes from ovary to uterus and carries sperm towards ovary Is the site of Female Reproductive system 4  Fertilization Located Edge of mesosalpinx 3 segments of the Oviduct Infundibulum Function Contains fimbriae (picks up oocyte from surface of ovary) Abdominal opening of the oviduct Ampulla Function Slows the movement of the oocyte Epithelium Convoluted, ciliated Characteristic Longest, largest region of oviduct Muscular outer wall Isthmus Function Leads distally to uterine horn Uterine horns 2 musculomembranous extensions of the uterine body location Distal portion of the oviduct Female Reproductive system 5  Uterus Location of body of the uterus Between the cervix and uterine horns Female Reproductive system 6  3 layers of the uterus Endometrium Epithelium Simple stratified cuboidal Female Reproductive system 7  Myometrium Characteristic massive wall of smooth muscle What are the 3 layers 2 layers of longitudinal muscles 1 layer of circular muscle Perimetrium Cervix Function Holds the fetus in the urterus Located In the pelvic cavity What species have annular rings and how many do they have? Cows: 3-4 rings Ewes: 6-7 rings Where does the cervical mucus flow into Vagina Where is the site of sperm deposition in sows and mares? Cervix Which species has a funnel-shaped cervix sow What is a cervical canal Channel through the cervix When is the cervix canal open? Female Reproductive system 8  During estrus and birth Vagina Location 💜 Between the cervix and vulva Function Site of semen deposition Epithelium Cranially Ciliated columnar Epithelium Caudally Stratified squamous The pH of the vagina is Acidic Broad Ligament 3 portions supporting individual parts of the reproductive tract Mesovarium Location Cranial part of the broad ligament attaching the ovary to dorsolateral abdominal wall Mesosalpinx Location Lateral fold arising from the mesovarium Function Female Reproductive system 9  Holds the uterine tube between its 2 layers Mesometrium Attaches uterine horns and body to dorsolateral body wall Which strucutres does the suspensory ligament of the ovary connect to Part of the mesovarium that attaches the ovary to the last rib Placenta How is it formed? By the apoosition of the fetal and maternal membranes Function Exchanges nutrients, respiratory gases and metabolic waste between the mother and fetus Protects growing fetus Produces hormones Forms a barrier between fetal and maternal blood What are the 3 layers of the placenta Amnion What does it surround? Amnionic cavity and fetus What does the amnionic cavity do? Provides fluid environment that protects the fetus Allantois Function Provides vasculature from the mother to the chorion and amnion Collects liquid waste from the fetus Female Reproductive system 10  Chorion What does it surround? Allantonic cavity, amnion, amniotic cavity and fetus Function Makes up the fetal layer of the placenta Which layer is the innermost layer? Amnion Which layer is the middle layer? Allantois Which layer is the outermost layer? Chorion Fetal component of the placenta What are the 3 layers of the chorioallatonic membrane? Fetal endothelium Function Lines the allantoic blood vessels Fetal connective tissue of the chorioallantois Fuction The mesoderm surrounds the blood vessels Chorionic epithelium Location Surface layer of the chorioallantoic membrane What are the 3 layers of the endometrium (Uterine mucosa) Maternal epithelium of the endometrium Female Reproductive system 11  Maternal connective tissue Function Surrounds the vessels of the endometrium Maternal endothelium Function Lines the vessels of the endometrium Which species have all 6 layers of the epitheliochorial placenta Horses, pigs, and ruminants Which species does not have the maternal epithelium and connective tissue layers Dogs Which species have the endotheliochorial placentas Dogs and cats Female Reproductive system 12