20 Questions
What is the primary function of the stratum functionalis in the uterus?
To provide a thickened layer for embryo implantation
What triggers the growth and thickening of the stratum functionalis during the proliferative phase?
High levels of estrogen from the follicles in the ovary
During which phase of the uterine cycle does the uterus undergo the most significant changes?
Proliferative phase
What is the main source of estrogen and progesterone during the secretory phase?
The corpus luteum
What is the term for the shedding of the innermost layer of the endometrium during the menstrual phase?
Menses
During which days of the uterine cycle does the proliferative phase occur?
Day 6-13
What is the primary function of the corpus luteum during the secretory phase?
To produce estrogen and progesterone
What is the term for the five days of the uterine cycle when the menses is occurring?
Menstrual phase
What is the primary source of estrogen and progesterone during the proliferative phase?
Follicles in the ovary
What is the term for the last 14 days of the uterine cycle?
Secretory phase
What is the primary function of follicle-stimulating hormone during the pre-ovulatory phase?
To cause follicles to grow and produce estrogens
What is the term for the phase of the menstrual cycle that spans from day 1 to 13?
Follicular phase
What happens to the ruptured follicle after ovulation?
It becomes the corpus hemorrhagicum
What is the name of the hormone released by the hypothalamus that triggers the release of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
What is the name of the stage of oocyte development at which ovulation occurs?
Secondary oocyte
What is the primary source of estrogens required for uterine growth during the pre-ovulatory phase?
Follicles
What is the term for the structure that forms from the ruptured follicle after ovulation and produces progesterone?
Corpus luteum
What is the primary function of luteinizing hormone during the pre-ovulatory phase?
To stimulate estrogen production
What is the term for the layer of the uterus that is thick and receptive to implantation during a pregnancy?
Stratum functionalis
What is the event that triggers the completion of meiosis II in the secondary oocyte?
Fertilization
Study Notes
Ovarian Hormones
- Estrogen and progesterone are the two ovarian hormones.
Uterine Cycle
- The uterine cycle has three phases: menstrual, proliferative, and secretory.
- The menstrual phase occurs on days 1-5, characterized by shedding of the stratum functionalis.
- Stratum functionalis is the innermost layer of the endometrium that thickens during the cycle and sheds in non-pregnant females.
Menstrual Phase
- During the menstrual phase, the stratum functionalis is shed, resulting in menses.
Proliferative Phase
- The proliferative phase occurs on days 6-13, characterized by the growth of the stratum functionalis.
- Estrogen levels are high during this phase, promoting growth of the stratum functionalis.
Ovulation
- Ovulation occurs on day 14, with no significant changes in the uterus.
Secretory Phase
- The secretory phase occurs on days 15-28, characterized by continued thickening of the stratum functionalis.
- High levels of progesterone and estrogen from the corpus luteum promote the thickening of the stratum functionalis.
Hormonal Regulation
- Hormonal changes are regulated by the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus.
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates the release of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary gland.
- Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone stimulate estrogen production and follicle growth.
Ovarian Cycle
- The ovarian cycle has two phases: follicular and luteal.
- The follicular phase occurs on days 1-13, characterized by the growth of follicles and estrogen production.
- Ovulation occurs on day 14, where the ruptured follicle becomes the corpus hemorrhagicum.
- The corpus hemorrhagicum develops into the corpus luteum, producing progesterone and estrogen during the luteal phase.
Test your knowledge of the uterine cycle and the role of estrogen and progesterone in the menstrual phase. Learn about the shedding of the endometrium and the stratum functionalis tissue.
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