Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey

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Questions and Answers

What significant architectural change did Mehmed II make in Istanbul?

He turned the Hagia Sophia into a mosque.

What was one of Atatürk's major contributions to Turkey's government?

He created a democratic nation and moved the capital to Ankara.

How did the population structure in Turkey reflect ethnic diversity?

Most of Turkey's people are ethnic Turks, while Kurds make up about 20% of the population.

Describe one way in which Atatürk modernized Turkish society.

<p>He encouraged Turks to adopt Western dress and surnames.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor influences women's roles in Turkish society?

<p>Islam strongly influences attitudes about women's roles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What governmental structure does Turkey have?

<p>Turkey is a parliamentary republic with a national assembly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one traditional Turkish food mentioned.

<p>Kebabs (grilled meats on skewers).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable feature of Turkey's relationship with Islam?

<p>Turkey is a secular state, separating religion from government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under whose reign did the Ottoman Empire reach its height?

<p>Under Suleyman I, 'the Magnificent'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What city serves as Turkey's economic bridge to Europe?

<p>Istanbul serves as Turkey's economic bridge to Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Who was Mehmed II?

Mehmed II, also known as Mehmed the Conqueror, ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1451 to 1481. He played a significant role in shaping Istanbul as a capital by repairing war damage and building palaces, mosques, and bazaars. He encouraged people from across the empire to settle in the city.

What did Mehmed II do with the Hagia Sophia?

Mehmed II converted the Hagia Sophia, a former Byzantine cathedral, into a mosque. This act symbolized the Ottoman Empire's dominance over Constantinople and its legacy.

Who was Kemal Atatürk?

Kemal Atatürk, revered as the Father of the Turks, led significant transformations in modern Turkey. He separated religion from government, closed Islamic schools, and encouraged the adoption of Western customs and surnames, aiming to modernize the nation.

What significant change did Atatürk implement regarding clothing?

Atatürk believed Turkey needed to adopt Western methods to progress. As part of his reforms, he banned the traditional Turkish fez hat and required men to wear other styles, symbolizing a shift towards Western clothing and culture.

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What were the key changes Atatürk made in Turkey's government?

Atatürk initiated the transition to a democratic republic in Turkey and moved the capital from Constantinople (now Istanbul) to Ankara, reflecting a shift in political focus and a commitment to modernization.

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What are the major ethnic groups in Turkey?

Turkey has a predominantly Turkish population, but Kurds are the largest minority group, accounting for roughly 20% of the population. This highlights Turkey's diverse ethnic composition.

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How has Atatürk's influence affected Turkish culture?

The influence of Kemal Atatürk's reforms is noticeable in Turkish culture, creating a split between urban, modern middle-class Turks who share similarities with Europe, and rural villagers who maintain more traditional practices.

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What is the significance of Islam in Turkish society?

Islam heavily influences women's roles in Turkish society, shaping traditional attitudes and expectations. This reflects the intersection of religion and culture in Turkish life.

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What's the importance of Ankara and Istanbul?

Turkey's government is located in Ankara, while Istanbul, the largest city, serves as a bridge between Turkey and Europe, reflecting its strategic location and economic importance.

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What kind of government does Turkey have?

Turkey is a parliamentary republic with a national assembly, where a president and a prime minister share executive power. This shows Turkey's political structure.

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Study Notes

Mehmed II (1432-1481)

  • Ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1451 to 1481
  • Improved Istanbul, repairing damage and building palaces, mosques, and bazaars
  • Encouraged people to relocate to Istanbul

Ottoman Empire

  • Istanbul was the capital
  • Hagia Sophia was converted to a mosque
  • Expanded through Anatolia, Syria, and Egypt
  • Reached its height under Suleyman I from 1520 to 1566
  • Controlled parts of Europe and North Africa
  • Lost territory in the early 1900s after World War I

Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938)

  • Turkey's first president
  • Modernized Turkey, separating aspects of Islam from the government
  • Closed Islamic schools
  • Encouraged Western dress and surnames
  • Renamed the capital from Constantinople to Ankara

Modern Turkey

  • Atatürk modernized Turkey, adopting Western methods.
  • Banned the fez and imposed Western attire
  • Separated Islam from the government
  • Changed the capital from Constantinople to Ankara

Turkish Culture

  • Most are ethnic Turks, Kurds as a large minority
  • Reflects Kemal Atatürk's changes influencing urban and rural lifestyle
  • Some aspects are more traditional, due to Islam's influence
  • Includes dishes like kebabs, olives, vegetables, cheese, yogurt, and bread

Turkey Today

  • Government is a parliamentary republic
  • Capital is Ankara, but Istanbul serves as an economic bridge to Europe
  • Secular state, separating religion from governance
  • Islam influences cultural attitudes, especially on women's roles

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