Questions and Answers
How long did the Ottoman Empire exist?
From 1299 AD to 1922
How many and which continents did the empire cover?
It covered 3 continents: Asia, Africa, and Europe.
When did Europe recognize/begin to notice the decline of the Ottoman Empire?
In the late 1700's and early 1800's.
How did methods of governance affect the Ottoman Empire?
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Why did the Ottoman military begin to decline?
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What political term describes the force that resulted in the Ottomans losing parts of their empire?
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What land(s) did the Ottoman Empire lose as a direct result of the political tide sweeping Europe?
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What were Austria's interests in Europe at that time?
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What was France's position on the Ottoman situation?
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How interested were the Prussians in the entire Ottoman affair?
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What did Russia want out of the Ottoman situation?
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How did the Greeks affect how Britain felt about the Ottoman affair?
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Study Notes
Duration of the Ottoman Empire
- Existed from 1299 AD until 1922.
Geographic Coverage
- Spanned three continents: Asia, Africa, and Europe.
European Recognition of Decline
- Noticed by Europeans in the late 1700s and early 1800s.
Governance Issues
- Corruption and nepotism weakened administration across provinces.
- Loss of control led to a reversion to feudal systems.
- Local rulers gained power, using nationalism to break away.
Military Decline Factors
- Extended peace between 1740-1768 caused lag in military technology.
- Disbandment of the elite Janissary corps diminished military strength.
Nationalism's Impact
- Nationalism significantly influenced the loss of Ottoman territories.
Territory Losses
- Greece was among the territories lost, as a direct result of rising nationalism.
Austria's Interests
- Focused on Italy and Central Europe.
- Supported the Ottomans in the face of their declining power.
French Position on the Ottomans
- French upper class admired Greek culture, creating a complex stance.
- In 1830, France invaded Algeria, ending 313 years of Ottoman influence due to debt disagreements.
Prussian Interests in Ottoman Affairs
- Prussia was the least interested Great Power in Turkey's affairs.
- As part of the Holy Alliance, they relied on Austria and Russia for guidance.
Russian Ambitions
- Aimed to control the Black Sea Straits.
- Considered three actions: expansion into Asia Minor and the Balkans, support for Turkish nationalist movements, and assistance to Turkey against rebels for increased influence.
British Attitudes
- Though against direct intervention, Britain sympathized with Greek independence fighters due to Philhellenism.
- Fearing an increase in Russian power, Britain was committed to retaining the Ottoman Empire's integrity.
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Test your knowledge on the decline of the Ottoman Empire with these flashcards. Learn about its duration, territorial expanse, and the timeline of its decline as recognized by Europe. Perfect for history enthusiasts looking to deepen their understanding of this historic empire.
