OTC Drug Toxicity: Caffeine, Theophylline, and Antihistamine

Increased calcium release from intracellular sites, Accumulation of cyclic nucleotides (especially cAMP), Adenosine receptor blockade

By the liver to methylxanthine and methyluric acid derivatives

Coffee, tea, chocolate, and cola beverages

<p>Direct stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 to 15 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restlessness, excitement, insomnia, delirium, flashes of light, ringing in the ears, tense and spastic muscles, tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, convulsions, coma, and death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Within two hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta-adrenergic antagonists like esmolol or calcium channel blockers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haemoperfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convulsions, hypothermia, ataxia, visual hallucinations, cardiac arrhythmias, hypokalaemia, hyperglycaemia, hypercalcaemia, and metabolic acidosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tremors, excitable auditory and visual hallucinations, dry mouth, and dry, hot skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Headache, anxiety, fatigue, and craving behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anti-emetics such as metoclopramide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha-adrenergic drugs such as levarterenol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac arrhythmias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dantrolene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac arrhythmias, severe CNS toxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea.</p> Signup and view all the answers