Pharmacology Quiz on Drug Classifications

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with OTC drugs?

  • The potential for misuse and abuse is low
  • They require a prescription from a physician (correct)
  • They can be used for self-diagnosed conditions
  • Their benefits outweigh their risks

What distinguishes Pharmacist-Only medicines from OTC drugs?

  • They must be sold directly by a pharmacist (correct)
  • They are available without any form of guidance
  • They can be purchased readily from pharmacy shelves
  • They have no restrictions on the conditions they treat

What is a primary purpose of storing Pharmacist-Only medicines behind the counter?

  • To promote their availability without pharmacist guidance
  • To encourage consumers to ask for recommendations
  • To prevent consumers from using them for self-diagnosed conditions (correct)
  • To make them more expensive for consumers

Which factor is a requirement for OTC drugs?

<p>They can be self-diagnosed with adequate labeling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are Pharmacist-Only medicines not available for self-selection on pharmacy shelves?

<p>They require a thorough understanding of their uses by consumers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of generic drugs?

<p>They are identical in formulation to branded drugs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes branded generics?

<p>They undergo the ANDA process and have a unique name. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes innovator drugs from other drug types?

<p>They are the first to be created containing a specific active ingredient. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about dangerous drugs is accurate?

<p>They require supervision by a licensed medical practitioner. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of generic drugs compared to innovator drugs?

<p>They typically cost less than branded alternatives. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates drugs based on branding from those based on prescription use?

<p>Branding refers to recognition and marketing rather than safety classification. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these classifications is NOT commonly used to categorize drugs?

<p>Based on Dosage Strength (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of patents for innovator drugs?

<p>Patents allow innovator drugs to maintain exclusivity for a period. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is classified as an opium derivative?

<p>Heroin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of hypnotic drugs?

<p>They produce sleep or sedation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is considered an anti-migraine agent?

<p>None of these (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is an example of a general anesthetic?

<p>Nitrous Oxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which requirement is NOT necessary for dispensing dangerous drugs?

<p>Doctor's office location (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of antiepileptic drugs?

<p>To prevent or control seizures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a self-inducing sedative?

<p>Benzedrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is classified under hallucinogenic drugs?

<p>Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with migraines that differentiates them from other headache types?

<p>Sensitivity to light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antipyretics?

<p>To reduce fever (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of an anxiolytic medication?

<p>Fluoxetine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of hypnotics as a class of psychoactive drugs?

<p>Induce sleep (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination is commonly used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

<p>Levodopa + Carbidopa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with depression?

<p>Postural instability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of anxiety disorders?

<p>Nausea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of antidepressants like Fluoxetine?

<p>To elevate mood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT treated with major tranquilizers?

<p>Gout (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications are classified as lipid-lowering drugs?

<p>Simvastatin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of anti-coagulants?

<p>To prevent blood clots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of antihistamines such as Meclizine?

<p>To suppress dizziness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk of combining alcohol with aspirin and ibuprofen?

<p>Increased risk of stomach irritation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is used for treating infections caused by parasitic worms?

<p>Mebendazole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a drug used in the treatment of amoebiasis?

<p>Metronidazole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is classified as an NSAID?

<p>Ibuprofen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug can be used for managing acute gout symptoms?

<p>Prednisone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fibrinolytic drugs are primarily used to achieve what outcome?

<p>Promote the removal of fibrin clots (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is effective against malaria?

<p>Chloroquine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of uterotonics like Oxytocin?

<p>To contract the uterus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gout?

<p>Treatment with lithium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dapsone is used primarily to treat which condition?

<p>Leprosy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is used to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis?

<p>Ibuprofen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is indicated for the treatment of viral infections?

<p>Aciclovir (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

OTC drugs

Medicines that can be bought without a doctor's prescription.

OTC drugs

Medicines that are safe and appropriate for use without a health care professional's supervision.

Pharmacist-Only Medicines

Medicines that can be purchased from a pharmacist but not directly by the customer.

Pharmacist-Only Medicines

Medicines that are not available on pharmacy shelves and require an interaction with a pharmacist.

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Pharmacist's role with Pharmacist-Only Medicines

Pharmacists are responsible for providing information and making sure the customer understands the safe and correct use of the medicine.

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Generic Drug

A medication that is identical to a brand-name drug in terms of active ingredient, dosage form, strength, safety, quality, and performance.

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Innovator Drug

The original drug created with a specific active ingredient and approved for use. Efficacy, safety, and quality are well-established for this type of drug.

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Branded Generic

A generic drug with a unique name that is owned by the company that produced it.

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Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drug

Medications that can be purchased without a prescription from a healthcare professional.

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Prescription Drug

Medications that require a prescription from a licensed healthcare professional before they can be dispensed by a pharmacist.

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Dangerous Drugs

Drugs that are illegal and potentially harmful, often associated with criminal activity.

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Therapeutic Classification

A group of drugs that are classified based on their therapeutic effects, meaning how they treat or manage a particular disease or condition.

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Prescription Required

A drug that is not safe for use without the supervision of a licensed medical practitioner.

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What are migraines?

A type of headache that occurs with symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light.

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What are Triptans?

Drugs used to treat migraines. They work by narrowing blood vessels in the brain.

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What are Antipyretics?

Drugs that reduce elevated body temperature (fever) to normal levels.

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What are Sedatives?

Drugs that induce calmness and relaxation.

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What are Hypnotics?

Drugs that induce sleep and are used to treat insomnia.

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What are Anxiolytics?

Drugs used to treat anxiety and related psychological and physical symptoms.

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What are Antidepressants?

Drugs used to treat depression.

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What are the symptoms of depression?

Symptoms of depression can include: Low mood, loss of pleasure, sleep disturbances, appetite changes, fatigue, worthlessness, difficulty concentrating, slowed movements, and avoidance of activities.

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Anthelmintics

Medications used to treat infections caused by parasitic worms, including flatworms and roundworms.

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Cardiac Depressant

A type of medication that relieves the symptoms of angina pectoris (severe chest pain).

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Antifungal

Drugs designed to kill or inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi.

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Antihyperlipidemic Agents

Medications that are used to treat hyperlipidemias, which are conditions characterized by high levels of lipids (fats) in the blood.

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Antiviral

A drug that inhibits the growth or replication of viruses.

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Fibrinolytic

Medicines that promote the removal of small fibrin clots, which are the substance that forms a blood clot.

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Anticoagulants

Anti-clotting medications used to prevent harmful blood clots from forming in the body.

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Leprosy Medications

Drugs that are used to treat leprosy, an infectious disease that causes severe skin sores and nerve damage.

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Hallucinogenic Drugs

Drugs that induce a dream-like state, distorting perceptions and sensory experiences. These drugs are often illegal and can have dangerous side effects.

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Opium and its Derivatives

Drugs derived from or related to the opium poppy plant. These can have strong pain-relieving effects but are also highly addictive.

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Coca Leaf and its Derivatives

Drugs produced from the coca plant. These drugs are often used as stimulants and can cause dependence.

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Antiepileptic Drugs

These drugs are used to treat seizures, which are sudden, uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain.

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Anti-migraine Agents

Drugs that relieve pain, particularly useful for migraines, which are severe headaches.

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Anesthesia

Drugs used to make a person unconscious or numb a specific area of the body, often used during surgical procedures.

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Self-Inducing Sedatives

These drugs are used to reduce anxiety and induce sleep. They work by slowing down the central nervous system.

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Amphetamine and its Isomers

Drugs like amphetamine, which are stimulants that can increase alertness and attention.

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Antipsychotic Medications

These drugs are used to treat the symptoms of mental disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. These medications are also known as major tranquilizers.

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Antivertigo Drugs

Vertigo is a type of dizziness characterized by the illusion of rotatory movements. Antivertigo drugs are used to suppress this feeling.

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Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

These drugs are used to alleviate symptoms of inflammation and reduce its occurrence by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.

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Analgesics

Analgesics are pain relievers that work by reducing pain perception in the body and helping people manage various types of pain.

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Anti-inflammatory Drugs for Arthritis

These drugs are used to treat arthritis and rheumatoid disorder, which are chronic inflammatory conditions.

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Drugs for Gout

Gout is a metabolic disease marked by painful joint inflammation due to urate deposits. These drugs reduce uric acid levels or suppress acute gout inflammation.

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Uterine Stimulants

Uterine stimulants, also known as uterotonics or oxytoxics, are used to induce or increase contractions in the uterus during labor.

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Uterine Relaxants

Uterine relaxants, also known as tocolytics, are used to suppress premature labor by preventing uterine contractions.

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Study Notes

Drug Classification

  • Drugs are classified in various ways, including by branding, prescription use, and therapeutic classification.

Topic Outcomes

  • Students will differentiate prescription, over-the-counter (OTC), and dangerous drugs.
  • Students will identify examples of various therapeutic drug classifications.
  • Students will understand special information needed for different drug classifications.

Checklist

  • Read course and unit objectives.
  • Read the study guide before class.
  • Read required learning resources.
  • Refer to unit terminologies for jargon.
  • Proactively participate in discussions.
  • Participate in weekly discussion boards (Canvas).
  • Answer and submit course unit tasks.

Based on Branding

  • Generic Drugs: Match existing brand-name drugs in dosage, safety, strength, administration, quality, and performance. Generic versions work the same and usually cost less because they do not require repeating clinical trials.
  • Innovator Drugs: The first drug containing a specific active ingredient approved for use, demonstrating established efficacy, safety, and quality. The initial drug patent typically belongs to the founding company.
  • Branded Generics: Generic drugs that undergo the ANDA (Abbreviated New Drug Application) process and have a different name from their chemical name. These may be produced by a generic drug company or the original manufacturer after the patent expires. The name for a branded generic belongs to the company.

Prescription Drugs

  • Prescription drugs are not safe for general use and require supervision by licensed medical professionals.
    • Examples: Drugs for hypertension, anxiety disorders, lipid-lowering agents, diabetes drugs, and antibiotics.

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs

  • OTC drugs are safe and suitable for use without professional medical supervision.
  • Characteristics: Benefits outweigh risks, low potential for misuse/abuse, use in self-diagnosed conditions, adequate labelling, and don't require a healthcare professional for correct use.

Pharmacist-Only OTC Drugs

  • A relatively small group of medicines.
  • Sold only by pharmacists.
  • Not for self-selection, dispensed by a pharmacist.
  • Usually kept behind the counter.
  • Specialized requirements for pharmacists to inform accurately on safe use.

Dangerous Drugs (Prohibited)

  • Opium and its Derivatives: Heroin, morphine.
  • Cocaine and Its Derivatives: Cocaine, beta eucaine.
  • Hallucinogenic Drugs: Mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).
  • Other Substances with Similar Effects: Indian hemp and its derivatives.

Dangerous Drugs (Regulated)

  • Self-inducing Sedatives: Examples: secobarbital, phenobarbital, pentobarbital, barbital, amobarbital. Include salts or derivatives of barbituric acid.

  • Amphetamine Isomers: Examples: benzedrine, dexedrine. Analogous drugs.

  • Hypnotic Drugs: Examples: methqualone and its analogs.

  • Pharmacists' Requirements: Prescriptions must include date, patient and physician's name, license number, address, phone number, brand/generic name, unit number, use instructions, and signature. Buyers must present a valid ID, recorded on the back with full name and address.

Other Drug Classifications

  • Anesthesia: numbs part of the body for procedures like surgery. Examples: Local - cocaine, lidocaine; General - halothane, nitrous oxide.
  • Anticonvulsants (Antiepileptic Drugs): treat epileptic seizures, treat excessive electrical discharge in the brain (convulsions). Examples: phenytoin, phenobarbital.
  • Anti-Migraine: treat migraine headaches, often associated with nausea, vomiting, and light sensitivity. Examples: Ergots, Triptans (Sumatriptan), NSAIDs.
  • Anti-Parkinson's: treat Parkinson's disease symptoms. Example: Levodopa + Carbidopa (Sinemet).
  • Antipyretics: reduce elevated body temperature (fever). Example: ibuprofen, aspirin, paracetamol.
  • Sedatives and Hypnotics: cause calmness and induce sleep. Example: diazepam (Valium), zolpidem, zaleoplon.
  • Anxiolytics (Anti-panic/Anxiety Agents): treat anxiety. Example: Benzodiazepines.
  • Antidepressants: elevate mood. Examples: Fluoxetine (Prozac), Imipramine (Tofranil).
  • Antipsychotics (Major Tranquilizers): treat mental disorders. Examples: Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol, Lithium Carbonate.
  • Antivertigo: suppress dizziness. Example: Meclizine.
  • Anti-Motion Sickness: suppress motion sickness. Example: Meclizine.
  • NSAIDs: Used to treat inflammation. Example: ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, naproxen.
  • Analgesics (painkillers): relieve pain. Example: mild - NSAIDs, Acetaminophen, Strong - morphine, codeine, fentanyl.
  • Anti-Rheumatics: treat arthritis and rheumatoid disorders. Example: NSAIDs, methotrexate.
  • Antigout: reduce uric acid deposits in gout. Example: allopurinol, colchicine, indomethacin, corticosteroids (prednisone).
  • Drugs Affecting the Uterus: uterine stimulants (oxytocs) cause contractions, uterine relaxants (tocolytics) suppress premature labor. Examples: oxytocin, misoprostol, terbutaline, isoxsuprine.
  • Drugs Affecting the GIT: Treat GI issues like hyperacidity, peptic ulcers and constipation. Examples: antacids, histamine-2 antagonists, anticholinergic, spasmolytics, laxatives, antiemetics.
  • Cardiovascular Drugs: relate to heart function. Examples: inotropic agents, anti-angina, anti-arrhythmic, anti-lipidemic.
  • Anti-Amoebic: treat amoebiasis.
  • Anti-Leprosy: treat leprosy.
  • Antihelmintics: treat infections with parasitic worms (helminths). Examples: mebendazole, albendazole, pyrantel pamoate
  • Anti-Fungal: kill or inhibit fungi.
  • Antiviral: inhibit viral infections. Examples: Aciclovir, Amantadine
  • Antimalarial: treat malaria. Examples: Chloroquine, Mefloquine
  • Drugs Affecting Blood: anticoagulants prevent blood clots. Examples: Heparin, Warfarin, Hirudin. Fibrinolytics promote clot removal (e.g. Streptokinase), Anti-fibrinolytics inhibit clot dissolution (e.g. Tranexamic acid).
  • Anti-Asthma: treat asthma. Examples: Salbutamol, Fluticasone.
  • Nasal Decongestant: relieve nasal congestion. Example: Phenylephrine
  • Respiratory Stimulant: increase breathing urge. Example: Caffeine.
  • Drugs Acting on Eyes: miotics constrict pupils, mydriatic agents dilate pupils. Examples: Pilocarpine, Atropine

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