Osmotic Fragility of Red Blood Cells Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main cause of haemolysis when red blood cells are placed in hypotonic solutions?

  • Water entering the cell due to osmosis (correct)
  • Increased blood pressure inside the cell
  • The release of excess hemoglobin
  • Decreased cell membrane flexibility

    • What happens to the shape of red blood cells when they squeeze through capillaries?

  • They elongate and become more flexible
  • They shrink in size and lose their flexibility
  • They transform into irregular shapes (correct)
  • They become biconcave discs

    • What factor prevents normal red blood cells from rupturing when deformed?

  • Reduced elasticity of the cell membrane
  • Excess cell membrane for the quantity of material inside (correct)
  • Limited surface-area to volume ratio
  • Increased haemoglobin concentration

    • How is osmotic fragility defined?

    <p>The ease with which cells are broken down in hypotonic solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the osmotic fragility test help diagnose?

    <p>Diseases associated with RBC membrane abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does stretching of the cell membrane have on red blood cells?

    <p>It leads to leakage of haemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to red blood cells when they are placed in hypotonic solutions?

    <p>They swell due to water entering via osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is affected by various factors including membrane composition and integrity as well as surface-area to volume ratio?

    <p>Osmotic fragility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when red blood cells are distended beyond a limit?

    <p>The cell membrane is stretched and its contents leak out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind hemolysis when cells are placed in hypotonic solutions?

    <p>The entry of water into the cell due to osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of osmotic pressure?

    <p>Tonicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of saline solutions where hemolysis begins?

    <p>0.55-0.45%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does complete hemolysis indicate in the context of this experiment?

    <p>The saline becomes deep red with no red cells at the bottom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do abnormal erythrocytes differ from normal ones in hereditary spherocytosis?

    <p>They are spherical instead of biconcave disk-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is caused by mutations in genes relating to membrane proteins?

    <p>Sickle cell anaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for protecting RBCs from oxidative injury?

    <p>G6PD enzyme deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of fragility of erythrocytes decrease in Thalassemia?

    <p>Excessive iron levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to RBCs in autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

    <p>They are destroyed by autoimmune antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the turning of the saline to red during partial hemolysis?

    <p>Loss of biconcave disk shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for making RBCs more prone to rupture in hereditary spherocytosis?

    <p>Loss of biconcave disk shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results in an inadequate amount of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the blood?

    <p>G6PD enzyme deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes fragility of erythrocytes to increase in hereditary spherocytosis?

    <p>Genetic mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemolysis begins at a saline concentration of 0.55% and becomes complete at around 0.35%.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune antibodies damage the structural proteins of RBCs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hereditary spherocytosis causes abnormal erythrocytes to be spherical rather than the normal biconcave disk shape.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    G6PD deficiency results in an inadequate amount of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the blood and occurs almost exclusively in females.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sickle cell anemia causes abnormal erythrocytes that are more prone to rupture due to their abnormal shape.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Iron deficiency anemia leads to decreased osmotic fragility of RBCs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thalassemia causes a decrease in the fragility of erythrocytes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    G6PD deficiency protects RBCs from oxidative injury by providing an inadequate amount of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the blood.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of this experiment, complete hemolysis is indicated by a red-colored solution without any deposition of red cells at the bottom of the test tubes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When there is some hemolysis, the color of saline changes to red because of Hb leaking out of the cells, with the unruptured cells forming a red dot at the bottom.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fragility of erythrocytes increases in hereditary spherocytosis due to mutations in genes relating to membrane proteins.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of low water concentration to high water concentration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Red blood cells swell when placed in hypotonic solutions due to osmosis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The shape of normal red blood cells can change remarkably as they squeeze through capillaries.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deformation of normal red blood cells does not stretch the membrane greatly and does not rupture the cell.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osmotic fragility is defined as the difficulty with which the cells are broken down in hypotonic solutions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The osmotic fragility test is often performed to aid with diagnosis of diseases associated with RBC membrane abnormalities.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The osmotic fragility of cells is affected by various factors, including membrane composition, integrity, and surface-area to volume ratio.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Normal red blood cells are biconcave discs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When cells are distended beyond a limit, the cell membrane is stretched and the contents of the cell leak out.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Haemoglobin leaks out and forms a clear pink solution when red cells are studied due to hemolysis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The osmotic fragility test is used to determine the concentration of saline solutions in which cells are hemolysed.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The osmotic fragility test is primarily used to diagnose diseases associated with RBC membrane abnormalities.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The normal cell membrane has a great excess of cell membrane for the quantity of material inside, thus deformation does not stretch the membrane greatly and does not rupture the cell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osmotic fragility?

    <p>The ease with which the cells are broken down in hypotonic solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes red cells to swell when placed in hypotonic solutions?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors affect osmotic fragility?

    <p>Membrane composition, integrity, and surface-area to volume ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to red blood cells when they are distended beyond a limit?

    <p>The cell membrane is stretched and the contents of the cell leak out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of hemolysis when red blood cells are placed in hypotonic solutions?

    <p>Deformation of the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of stretching of the cell membrane on red blood cells?

    <p>The contents of the cell leak out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of osmotic fragility?

    <p>Concentration of saline solutions in which cells are hemolysed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are normal red blood cells affected when they squeeze through capillaries?

    <p>Their shapes can change remarkably</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal shape of red blood cells?

    <p>Biconcave discs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when there is complete hemolysis in the context of the osmotic fragility test?

    <p>A red-colored solution without any deposition of red cells at the bottom of the test tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do abnormal erythrocytes look like in hereditary spherocytosis?

    <p>Spherical rather than the normal biconcave disk shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind the color change of saline to red during partial hemolysis?

    <p>Hemoglobin leaking out of the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osmosis?

    <p>The movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to low water concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define osmotic pressure.

    <p>The pressure that would be required to stop water from diffusing through a semipermeable membrane by osmosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tonicity?

    <p>The measure of osmotic pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what saline concentration does hemolysis begin in the given experiment?

    <p>Between 0.55-0.45%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what saline concentration does complete hemolysis occur in the given experiment?

    <p>Around 0.35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indicator of partial hemolysis in the given experiment?

    <p>Turning of the color of the solution to red in addition to deposition of part of the cells in the bottom of the test tubes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the saline solution when there is complete hemolysis in the given experiment?

    <p>It becomes equally deep red with no red cells at the bottom of the tubes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes fragility of erythrocytes to increase in hereditary spherocytosis?

    <p>Mutations in genes relating to membrane proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor protects RBCs from oxidative injury in G6PD deficiency?

    <p>Inadequate amount of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of decreased osmotic fragility of RBCs in Thalassemia?

    <p>Thalassemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do abnormal erythrocytes differ from normal ones in hereditary spherocytosis?

    <p>Abnormal erythrocytes are spherical rather than the normal biconcave disk shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the shape of red blood cells to change in sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Abnormal shape due to mutations in genes relating to membrane proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Osmotic Fragility

    • Osmotic fragility is defined as the difficulty with which red blood cells are broken down in hypotonic solutions.
    • The osmotic fragility test is performed to aid in the diagnosis of diseases associated with RBC membrane abnormalities.
    • Osmotic fragility is affected by various factors, including membrane composition, integrity, and surface-area to volume ratio.

    Hemolysis

    • Hemolysis occurs when red blood cells are placed in hypotonic solutions, causing them to swell and eventually lyse due to osmotic pressure.
    • The main cause of hemolysis is the stretching of the cell membrane, which leads to lysis.
    • Hemolysis begins at a saline concentration of 0.55% and becomes complete at around 0.35%.

    Red Blood Cells

    • Normal red blood cells are biconcave discs, but they can change shape remarkably as they squeeze through capillaries.
    • Deformation of normal red blood cells does not stretch the membrane greatly and does not rupture the cell.
    • Red blood cells swell when placed in hypotonic solutions due to osmosis.

    Hereditary Spherocytosis

    • Hereditary spherocytosis causes abnormal erythrocytes to be spherical rather than the normal biconcave disk shape.
    • Fragility of erythrocytes increases in hereditary spherocytosis due to mutations in genes relating to membrane proteins.
    • Abnormal erythrocytes in hereditary spherocytosis are more prone to rupture due to their abnormal shape.

    Other Conditions

    • G6PD deficiency results in an inadequate amount of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the blood, which protects RBCs from oxidative injury.
    • Thalassemia causes a decrease in the fragility of erythrocytes.
    • Sickle cell anemia causes abnormal erythrocytes that are more prone to rupture due to their abnormal shape.
    • Iron deficiency anemia leads to decreased osmotic fragility of RBCs.

    Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

    • Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of low water concentration to high water concentration.
    • Osmotic pressure is the measure of osmotic fragility.
    • Tonicity refers to the ability of a solution to cause a cell to swell or shrink.

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    Osmotic Fragility of RBCs PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of osmotic fragility of red blood cells with this quiz. Learn about the process of haemolysis when red cells are placed in hypotonic solutions and the characteristics of red blood cells.

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