Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main cause of haemolysis when red blood cells are placed in hypotonic solutions?
What is the main cause of haemolysis when red blood cells are placed in hypotonic solutions?
- Water entering the cell due to osmosis (correct)
- Increased blood pressure inside the cell
- The release of excess hemoglobin
- Decreased cell membrane flexibility
What happens to the shape of red blood cells when they squeeze through capillaries?
What happens to the shape of red blood cells when they squeeze through capillaries?
- They elongate and become more flexible
- They shrink in size and lose their flexibility
- They transform into irregular shapes (correct)
- They become biconcave discs
What factor prevents normal red blood cells from rupturing when deformed?
What factor prevents normal red blood cells from rupturing when deformed?
- Reduced elasticity of the cell membrane
- Excess cell membrane for the quantity of material inside (correct)
- Limited surface-area to volume ratio
- Increased haemoglobin concentration
How is osmotic fragility defined?
How is osmotic fragility defined?
What does the osmotic fragility test help diagnose?
What does the osmotic fragility test help diagnose?
What effect does stretching of the cell membrane have on red blood cells?
What effect does stretching of the cell membrane have on red blood cells?
What happens to red blood cells when they are placed in hypotonic solutions?
What happens to red blood cells when they are placed in hypotonic solutions?
Which of the following is affected by various factors including membrane composition and integrity as well as surface-area to volume ratio?
Which of the following is affected by various factors including membrane composition and integrity as well as surface-area to volume ratio?
What happens when red blood cells are distended beyond a limit?
What happens when red blood cells are distended beyond a limit?
What is the main reason behind hemolysis when cells are placed in hypotonic solutions?
What is the main reason behind hemolysis when cells are placed in hypotonic solutions?
What is the measure of osmotic pressure?
What is the measure of osmotic pressure?
What is the normal range of saline solutions where hemolysis begins?
What is the normal range of saline solutions where hemolysis begins?
What does complete hemolysis indicate in the context of this experiment?
What does complete hemolysis indicate in the context of this experiment?
How do abnormal erythrocytes differ from normal ones in hereditary spherocytosis?
How do abnormal erythrocytes differ from normal ones in hereditary spherocytosis?
Which disorder is caused by mutations in genes relating to membrane proteins?
Which disorder is caused by mutations in genes relating to membrane proteins?
What is responsible for protecting RBCs from oxidative injury?
What is responsible for protecting RBCs from oxidative injury?
What is the main cause of fragility of erythrocytes decrease in Thalassemia?
What is the main cause of fragility of erythrocytes decrease in Thalassemia?
What happens to RBCs in autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
What happens to RBCs in autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
What causes the turning of the saline to red during partial hemolysis?
What causes the turning of the saline to red during partial hemolysis?
What is responsible for making RBCs more prone to rupture in hereditary spherocytosis?
What is responsible for making RBCs more prone to rupture in hereditary spherocytosis?
Which condition results in an inadequate amount of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the blood?
Which condition results in an inadequate amount of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the blood?
What causes fragility of erythrocytes to increase in hereditary spherocytosis?
What causes fragility of erythrocytes to increase in hereditary spherocytosis?
Hemolysis begins at a saline concentration of 0.55% and becomes complete at around 0.35%.
Hemolysis begins at a saline concentration of 0.55% and becomes complete at around 0.35%.
In autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune antibodies damage the structural proteins of RBCs.
In autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune antibodies damage the structural proteins of RBCs.
Hereditary spherocytosis causes abnormal erythrocytes to be spherical rather than the normal biconcave disk shape.
Hereditary spherocytosis causes abnormal erythrocytes to be spherical rather than the normal biconcave disk shape.
G6PD deficiency results in an inadequate amount of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the blood and occurs almost exclusively in females.
G6PD deficiency results in an inadequate amount of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the blood and occurs almost exclusively in females.
Sickle cell anemia causes abnormal erythrocytes that are more prone to rupture due to their abnormal shape.
Sickle cell anemia causes abnormal erythrocytes that are more prone to rupture due to their abnormal shape.
Iron deficiency anemia leads to decreased osmotic fragility of RBCs.
Iron deficiency anemia leads to decreased osmotic fragility of RBCs.
Thalassemia causes a decrease in the fragility of erythrocytes.
Thalassemia causes a decrease in the fragility of erythrocytes.
G6PD deficiency protects RBCs from oxidative injury by providing an inadequate amount of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the blood.
G6PD deficiency protects RBCs from oxidative injury by providing an inadequate amount of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the blood.
In the context of this experiment, complete hemolysis is indicated by a red-colored solution without any deposition of red cells at the bottom of the test tubes.
In the context of this experiment, complete hemolysis is indicated by a red-colored solution without any deposition of red cells at the bottom of the test tubes.
When there is some hemolysis, the color of saline changes to red because of Hb leaking out of the cells, with the unruptured cells forming a red dot at the bottom.
When there is some hemolysis, the color of saline changes to red because of Hb leaking out of the cells, with the unruptured cells forming a red dot at the bottom.
Fragility of erythrocytes increases in hereditary spherocytosis due to mutations in genes relating to membrane proteins.
Fragility of erythrocytes increases in hereditary spherocytosis due to mutations in genes relating to membrane proteins.
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of low water concentration to high water concentration.
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of low water concentration to high water concentration.
Red blood cells swell when placed in hypotonic solutions due to osmosis.
Red blood cells swell when placed in hypotonic solutions due to osmosis.
The shape of normal red blood cells can change remarkably as they squeeze through capillaries.
The shape of normal red blood cells can change remarkably as they squeeze through capillaries.
Deformation of normal red blood cells does not stretch the membrane greatly and does not rupture the cell.
Deformation of normal red blood cells does not stretch the membrane greatly and does not rupture the cell.
Osmotic fragility is defined as the difficulty with which the cells are broken down in hypotonic solutions.
Osmotic fragility is defined as the difficulty with which the cells are broken down in hypotonic solutions.
The osmotic fragility test is often performed to aid with diagnosis of diseases associated with RBC membrane abnormalities.
The osmotic fragility test is often performed to aid with diagnosis of diseases associated with RBC membrane abnormalities.
The osmotic fragility of cells is affected by various factors, including membrane composition, integrity, and surface-area to volume ratio.
The osmotic fragility of cells is affected by various factors, including membrane composition, integrity, and surface-area to volume ratio.
Normal red blood cells are biconcave discs.
Normal red blood cells are biconcave discs.
When cells are distended beyond a limit, the cell membrane is stretched and the contents of the cell leak out.
When cells are distended beyond a limit, the cell membrane is stretched and the contents of the cell leak out.
Haemoglobin leaks out and forms a clear pink solution when red cells are studied due to hemolysis.
Haemoglobin leaks out and forms a clear pink solution when red cells are studied due to hemolysis.
The osmotic fragility test is used to determine the concentration of saline solutions in which cells are hemolysed.
The osmotic fragility test is used to determine the concentration of saline solutions in which cells are hemolysed.
The osmotic fragility test is primarily used to diagnose diseases associated with RBC membrane abnormalities.
The osmotic fragility test is primarily used to diagnose diseases associated with RBC membrane abnormalities.
The normal cell membrane has a great excess of cell membrane for the quantity of material inside, thus deformation does not stretch the membrane greatly and does not rupture the cell.
The normal cell membrane has a great excess of cell membrane for the quantity of material inside, thus deformation does not stretch the membrane greatly and does not rupture the cell.
What is osmotic fragility?
What is osmotic fragility?
What causes red cells to swell when placed in hypotonic solutions?
What causes red cells to swell when placed in hypotonic solutions?
What factors affect osmotic fragility?
What factors affect osmotic fragility?
What happens to red blood cells when they are distended beyond a limit?
What happens to red blood cells when they are distended beyond a limit?
What is the main cause of hemolysis when red blood cells are placed in hypotonic solutions?
What is the main cause of hemolysis when red blood cells are placed in hypotonic solutions?
What is the effect of stretching of the cell membrane on red blood cells?
What is the effect of stretching of the cell membrane on red blood cells?
What is the measure of osmotic fragility?
What is the measure of osmotic fragility?
How are normal red blood cells affected when they squeeze through capillaries?
How are normal red blood cells affected when they squeeze through capillaries?
What is the normal shape of red blood cells?
What is the normal shape of red blood cells?
What happens when there is complete hemolysis in the context of the osmotic fragility test?
What happens when there is complete hemolysis in the context of the osmotic fragility test?
What do abnormal erythrocytes look like in hereditary spherocytosis?
What do abnormal erythrocytes look like in hereditary spherocytosis?
What is the main reason behind the color change of saline to red during partial hemolysis?
What is the main reason behind the color change of saline to red during partial hemolysis?
What is osmosis?
What is osmosis?
Define osmotic pressure.
Define osmotic pressure.
What is tonicity?
What is tonicity?
At what saline concentration does hemolysis begin in the given experiment?
At what saline concentration does hemolysis begin in the given experiment?
At what saline concentration does complete hemolysis occur in the given experiment?
At what saline concentration does complete hemolysis occur in the given experiment?
What is the indicator of partial hemolysis in the given experiment?
What is the indicator of partial hemolysis in the given experiment?
What happens to the saline solution when there is complete hemolysis in the given experiment?
What happens to the saline solution when there is complete hemolysis in the given experiment?
What causes fragility of erythrocytes to increase in hereditary spherocytosis?
What causes fragility of erythrocytes to increase in hereditary spherocytosis?
What factor protects RBCs from oxidative injury in G6PD deficiency?
What factor protects RBCs from oxidative injury in G6PD deficiency?
What is the main cause of decreased osmotic fragility of RBCs in Thalassemia?
What is the main cause of decreased osmotic fragility of RBCs in Thalassemia?
How do abnormal erythrocytes differ from normal ones in hereditary spherocytosis?
How do abnormal erythrocytes differ from normal ones in hereditary spherocytosis?
What causes the shape of red blood cells to change in sickle cell anemia?
What causes the shape of red blood cells to change in sickle cell anemia?
Study Notes
Osmotic Fragility
- Osmotic fragility is defined as the difficulty with which red blood cells are broken down in hypotonic solutions.
- The osmotic fragility test is performed to aid in the diagnosis of diseases associated with RBC membrane abnormalities.
- Osmotic fragility is affected by various factors, including membrane composition, integrity, and surface-area to volume ratio.
Hemolysis
- Hemolysis occurs when red blood cells are placed in hypotonic solutions, causing them to swell and eventually lyse due to osmotic pressure.
- The main cause of hemolysis is the stretching of the cell membrane, which leads to lysis.
- Hemolysis begins at a saline concentration of 0.55% and becomes complete at around 0.35%.
Red Blood Cells
- Normal red blood cells are biconcave discs, but they can change shape remarkably as they squeeze through capillaries.
- Deformation of normal red blood cells does not stretch the membrane greatly and does not rupture the cell.
- Red blood cells swell when placed in hypotonic solutions due to osmosis.
Hereditary Spherocytosis
- Hereditary spherocytosis causes abnormal erythrocytes to be spherical rather than the normal biconcave disk shape.
- Fragility of erythrocytes increases in hereditary spherocytosis due to mutations in genes relating to membrane proteins.
- Abnormal erythrocytes in hereditary spherocytosis are more prone to rupture due to their abnormal shape.
Other Conditions
- G6PD deficiency results in an inadequate amount of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the blood, which protects RBCs from oxidative injury.
- Thalassemia causes a decrease in the fragility of erythrocytes.
- Sickle cell anemia causes abnormal erythrocytes that are more prone to rupture due to their abnormal shape.
- Iron deficiency anemia leads to decreased osmotic fragility of RBCs.
Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure
- Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of low water concentration to high water concentration.
- Osmotic pressure is the measure of osmotic fragility.
- Tonicity refers to the ability of a solution to cause a cell to swell or shrink.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge of osmotic fragility of red blood cells with this quiz. Learn about the process of haemolysis when red cells are placed in hypotonic solutions and the characteristics of red blood cells.
