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What is the primary function of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?

  • To establish secure connections for data transfer.
  • To ensure that packets arrive in the correct order. (correct)
  • To manage the speed of data packet transmission.
  • To minimize the size of data packets.

    • In which scenario is User Datagram Protocol (UDP) most appropriately used?

  • For reliable email communication.
  • For transferring sensitive financial data.
  • For live streaming events like a soccer game. (correct)
  • For ensuring secure remote access to a server.

    • What does the acronym SMTP stand for?

  • Standard Mail Transfer Protocol.
  • System Mail Transfer Protocol.
  • Secure Mail Transfer Protocol.
  • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. (correct)

    • Which of the following protocols is specifically designed for transferring files between computers?

    <p>FTP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of acknowledgment system does TCP use for data packets?

    <p>Acknowledgment (ACK).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application layer protocol allows remote command-line connection to servers?

    <p>SSH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is typically associated with email retrieval from a server?

    <p>IMAP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does POP3 allow users to do?

    <p>Access an inbox stored on an email server.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a web browser in the context of web development?

    <p>To request, parse, and display web pages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does browser caching help to reduce?

    <p>Network traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components are included in the WAMP software stack?

    <p>Windows, Apache, MySQL, PHP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which algorithmic process is involved when the browser creates the final interactive page?

    <p>Rendering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a web server in relation to HTTP requests?

    <p>To respond to HTTP requests from clients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a web browser parse a web page once it is downloaded?

    <p>By extracting resources referenced within the HTML</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym LAMP stand for in the context of a software stack?

    <p>Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of receiving a 500 Internal Server Error?

    <p>It offers almost no information to the client</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of internet protocols?

    <p>To set rules for communication between partners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following layers is responsible for error detection and packet creation?

    <p>Link Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Internet layer primarily do?

    <p>Routes packets between communication partners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes IPv4 addresses from IPv6 addresses?

    <p>IPv4 supports fewer unique addresses than IPv6.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the transport layer?

    <p>It orders and checks for errors in data transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes TCP/IP?

    <p>A foundational protocol suite that underpins internet communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'best effort' mean in the context of the Internet layer?

    <p>The intention to deliver messages without a guarantee they will arrive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it beneficial to abstract protocols into layers?

    <p>It helps isolate functions for easier troubleshooting and development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of HTTP headers?

    <p>To send data about the client and server.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which HTTP request method is primarily used for retrieving resources?

    <p>GET</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What response code indicates that a resource has permanently moved?

    <p>301</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a POST request?

    <p>To submit data to the server.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following response codes indicates a resource was not found?

    <p>404</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the response code 304 indicate?

    <p>Resource has not been modified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which request method is NOT commonly associated with HTTP?

    <p>TRANSMIT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes request headers from response headers?

    <p>Request headers provide information about the client machine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does a POP3 client perform upon connecting to a mail server?

    <p>Retrieves messages, stores them locally, and deletes them from the server.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol allows for email message management directly on the server?

    <p>Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS)?

    <p>To convert domain names into their corresponding IP addresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is referred to as the top-level domain in a domain name?

    <p>The section of the domain name right of the last period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a generic top-level domain (gTLD)?

    <p>.com</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes country code top-level domains (ccTLDs) from generic top-level domains (gTLDs)?

    <p>ccTLDs are specific to countries, representing them with unique extensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a sponsored top-level domain (sTLD)?

    <p>.edu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the introduction of new top-level domains (TLDs) since June 2012 affected domain name choices?

    <p>It significantly expanded the variety of TLDs available for registration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Internet Protocols

    • A protocol is a set of rules used for communication between partners.
    • TCP/IP is crucial for internet communication and is implemented in every operating system.
    • The Internet Protocol (IP) addresses are used to uniquely identify destinations on the internet.
    • There are two types of IP addresses: IPv4 and IPv6.
    • IPv4 uses four 8-bit integers separated by dots to encode the address.
    • IPv6 uses eight 16-bit integers and has over a billion billion times the number of addresses in IPv4.

    Domain Name System

    • DNS is a system that maps domain names to IP addresses.
    • Separating domain names from IP addresses allows websites to move hosts without needing to change their names.
    • The rightmost part of the domain name (to the right of the rightmost period) is the top-level domain.
    • There are two types of top-level domains: Generic top-level domain (gTLD) and Country code top-level domain (ccTLD).
    • Generic top-level domains include .com, .org, and .net.
    • Unrestricted TLDs include .com, .net, .org, and .info.
    • Sponsored TLDs include .gov, .mil, .edu, and others.
    • Country code top-level domains are under the control of the countries they represent.

    HTTP

    • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is used for web communication.
    • It defines how clients request information from servers and how servers respond.
    • HTTP requests include headers containing client information (host, user-agent, cache settings, etc.).
    • The most common HTTP requests are GET, POST, and HEAD requests.
    • HTTP responses also include headers with information about the server and the data being sent.
    • HTTP response codes are integers that indicate the server's response to the request.

    Web Browsers

    • Web browsers request initial HTML pages and parse them to find referenced resources (images, style sheets, scripts, etc.).
    • Once all files are retrieved, the page loads completely for the user.
    • The process of downloading, parsing, laying out, fetching assets, and creating the final interactive page is called rendering.
    • Browser caching reduces network traffic by storing previously downloaded content for future use.

    Web Servers

    • Web servers respond to HTTP requests from the client.
    • They usually run an application stack including an operating system, web server software, a database, and a scripting language.
    • WAMP (Windows, Apache, MySQL, PHP) is a popular software stack for web servers.
    • LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) is a similar stack but uses the Linux operating system.

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