Orthopedic and Spine Surgery Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which type of bone tissue is primarily responsible for the structural integrity of the skeletal system and provides support to surrounding tissues?

Cortical bone (correct)

Ligaments

Cartilage

Cancellous bone

What is the main purpose of the periosteum in the skeletal system?

To connect bone to muscle

To store calcium and phosphorus

To facilitate movement of bones

To cover and protect all bones (correct)

At which anatomical site is cancellous bone most abundantly found within the human skeleton?

Outer layer of flat bones

Shaft of long bones

Vertebral bodies (correct)

Articular surfaces of joints

Which component of the skeletal system is involved in the stabilization of joints by connecting bone to bone?

Ligaments Signup and view all the answers

What role does the epiphyseal plate play in the growth of long bones?

It separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis until maturity Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is essential for the continuous remodeling of bone tissue?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

Which function of the skeletal system is mainly associated with the red bone marrow?

Production of blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between tendons and muscles?

Tendons transmit forces from muscles to bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of distraction rods in spine surgery?

To correct curvature by placing them on the concave side Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical instrument is not typically used for spinal surgeries?

Endoscopic camera Signup and view all the answers

What positioning method is recommended for patients undergoing spine surgery?

Prone position Signup and view all the answers

Why is the use of forced-air warming blankets important during spinal surgery?

To minimize the risk of hypothermia due to skin exposure Signup and view all the answers

In carpal tunnel release surgery, what is primarily divided to alleviate tension on the median nerve?

Flexor retinaculum Signup and view all the answers

How many cervical vertebrae are present in the human spine?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the minor count in orthopedic cases?

To verify the number of screws used in the procedure Signup and view all the answers

Which positioning aid is commonly used for patients in the lateral position during orthopedic surgery?

Vac packs Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the sequence of instruments for fixing a bone?

Hold the bone with the bone holder Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies the total number of phalanges in the human foot?

14 Signup and view all the answers

What type of information is typically included in a surgical safety checklist?

Correct operative side and site marking Signup and view all the answers

Which bone structure forms the foundation of the vertebral column?

Vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of metatarsal bones in the human foot?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What significant precaution must be taken for spinal patients during surgery?

Padding must be used to prevent injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the tap during the instrument sequence for bone fixation?

To create a stable canal for the screw Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with powered surgical instruments in orthopedics?

Accidental activation causing injury Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding pneumatic tourniquets?

They promote visualization of structures during surgery. Signup and view all the answers

How long should a pneumatic tourniquet be ideally inflated for the upper extremity?

60 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using forced-air warming blankets in orthopedic surgeries?

To prevent hypothermia in patients. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum safe inflation pressure for a pneumatic tourniquet applied to the arm?

250 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What essential equipment must all personnel in the OR wear when operating the C-Arm?

X-ray led gowns Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about handling bone grafts is correct?

Bone grafts should be handled as little as possible. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the operating room table specific to orthopedic surgery?

To provide various positions for different surgical cases. Signup and view all the answers

In which surgical situation would a Jackson spinal table most likely be used?

Prone position for spinal surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a bone graft?

To fill cavities and promote union of fractures. Signup and view all the answers

When using pneumatic tourniquets, how is the application pressure determined?

Based on systolic blood pressure and extremity circumference Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone graft is harvested from the patient’s own iliac crest?

Autograft Signup and view all the answers

What do the terms 'initial', 'closing', and 'final' refer to in the context of surgical phases?

Phases of the surgical process Signup and view all the answers

What must be present during the sterilization process for an implant?

A biological indicator. Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is specifically utilized to remove cancellous bone?

Bone curette Signup and view all the answers

Where is the incision typically made for harvesting bone grafts from the iliac crest?

Along the border of the iliac crest. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of a fracture?

Trauma or accidents. Signup and view all the answers

For cortical bone grafts, which equipment is typically required for stabilization?

Bone screws or wires. Signup and view all the answers

What is osteomyelitis?

An infection of the bone. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the appropriate method for removing cortical bone?

Using an osteotome and mallet. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Orthopedic and Spine Surgery Overview

Orthopedic surgery involves the treatment of disorders related to bones, muscles, and associated structures.
Patient outcomes have improved due to technological advances in hardware systems and fixation techniques.

Anatomy of the Skeletal System

The skeletal system includes 206 bones, categorized into the axial and appendicular skeleton.
Functions of bones: support soft tissues, mineral reservoirs, movement facilitation, and blood cell formation.
Bone composition:
- Cortical bone: hard outer shell.
- Cancellous bone: soft, spongy interior found in long bones and specific sites like the iliac crest.
Joints: Connect bones and allow for movement; comprised of cartilage and ligaments.

Spine Anatomy

The vertebral column consists of:
- 7 cervical vertebrae (neck support).
- 12 thoracic vertebrae (supporting the thoracic region).
- 5 lumbar vertebrae (lower back support).
The sacrum and coccyx are fused at the base.

Perioperative Nursing Considerations

Importance of marking the correct operative side/site confirmed during the surgical safety checklist.
Strict adherence to aseptic techniques for orthopedic procedures.

Patient Positioning

Positions vary based on the procedure (supine, lateral, fowlers, or prone).
Specific aids may be used for appropriate positioning during surgery to prevent injury.
Limb draping is standard, and tourniquets are employed pre-prep.

Instrumentation & Counting

An orthopedic instrument set is standard with additional tools specific to each procedure (hip set, knee set, etc.).
Key instruments include periosteal elevators, bone rongeurs, and bone cutters.
A minor count must be conducted during all orthopedic cases.

Key Equipment

Powered Surgical Instruments (e.g., drills): Ensure safety protocols to prevent accidental activation.
Forced-Air Warming Blankets: Address hypothermia risk from extensive skin exposure.
Operating Room Tables: Tables designed for specific orthopedic cases (e.g., Fracture Table, Jackson Spinal Table).
Radiography: The C-Arm facilitates real-time imaging during procedures.

Pneumatic Tourniquets

Used to create a bloodless field, inflated to recommended pressures based on patient specifics.
Should not exceed 60 minutes for the upper extremities or 120 minutes for lower extremities.
Document inflation and deflation times meticulously.

Airflow and Traffic Control

Maintain sterile conditions in the operating room to avoid microbial contamination.
Ensure proper sterilization documentation for implants, including serial numbers and expiration dates.

Bone Grafts

Grafts are used to fill cavities and promote healing.
Allografts: Donor bone from tissue banks.
Autografts: Patient’s own bone, typically harvested from the iliac crest.
Cancellous bone facilitates fusion, while cortical bone requires stabilization with hardware.

Fractures

Fractures can result from trauma, infection, or disease (e.g., osteoporosis).
Awareness of common conditions such as osteomyelitis and osteoarthritis is crucial.

Spine Surgery Considerations

Patients in spine surgery are positioned prone; appropriate positioning is vital to avoid injuries.
Blood transfusion may be essential due to significant tissue dissection.

Hand Surgery Procedures

Carpal Tunnel Release: Fixes median nerve entrapment by dividing the carpal ligament.
This procedure is often performed under local anesthesia, emphasizing the importance of quick surgical techniques.

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Description

Test your knowledge on orthopedic and spine surgery based on the recommended readings. This quiz covers basic anatomy, procedural considerations, and the significance of specialized orthopedic equipment. Prepare to enhance your understanding of surgery essentials.