Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of ligaments in the skeletal system?
What is the primary role of ligaments in the skeletal system?
- To hold bone to bone and provide joint stability (correct)
- To cover and protect the surface of bones
- To enable the formation of blood cells
- To connect muscle to bone
Which type of bone tissue is known as the hard outer shell that supports tissue?
Which type of bone tissue is known as the hard outer shell that supports tissue?
- Cartilage
- Cancellous bone
- Cortical bone (correct)
- Compact bone
At what point in development is the epiphyseal plate no longer present?
At what point in development is the epiphyseal plate no longer present?
- During puberty
- At birth
- At skeletal maturity (correct)
- In early childhood
What is one of the essential components of a joint?
What is one of the essential components of a joint?
Which vitamin is crucial for the continuous process of bone formation and reabsorption?
Which vitamin is crucial for the continuous process of bone formation and reabsorption?
In which part of the body is cancellous bone primarily found?
In which part of the body is cancellous bone primarily found?
What defines the periosteum in relation to bone structure?
What defines the periosteum in relation to bone structure?
What purpose do tendons serve in the skeletal system?
What purpose do tendons serve in the skeletal system?
How many total phalanges are present in the human foot?
How many total phalanges are present in the human foot?
What is the purpose of the cartilage joints connecting the vertebral bodies?
What is the purpose of the cartilage joints connecting the vertebral bodies?
Which position is NOT typically used for orthopedic surgical patients?
Which position is NOT typically used for orthopedic surgical patients?
What is the first step in the sequence of instruments used to fixate a bone?
What is the first step in the sequence of instruments used to fixate a bone?
Which of the following is commonly used to ensure strict aseptic technique in orthopedic surgeries?
Which of the following is commonly used to ensure strict aseptic technique in orthopedic surgeries?
What type of draping is usually used for limb surgeries?
What type of draping is usually used for limb surgeries?
Which instrument is used to make a hole for the screw when fixing a bone?
Which instrument is used to make a hole for the screw when fixing a bone?
How many lumbar vertebrae are there in the human spine?
How many lumbar vertebrae are there in the human spine?
What kind of positioning aids might be used for patients in the lateral position during orthopedic surgery?
What kind of positioning aids might be used for patients in the lateral position during orthopedic surgery?
Which orthopedic instrument is specifically designed for retracting tissue during surgery?
Which orthopedic instrument is specifically designed for retracting tissue during surgery?
What is the main purpose of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)?
What is the main purpose of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)?
Which type of knee implant is most commonly used in Total Knee Replacements?
Which type of knee implant is most commonly used in Total Knee Replacements?
What is a key consideration when selecting the fixation technique for knee implants?
What is a key consideration when selecting the fixation technique for knee implants?
During ACL reconstruction, what is the purpose of inserting a guide pin from the anterior tibial incision?
During ACL reconstruction, what is the purpose of inserting a guide pin from the anterior tibial incision?
What type of knee prosthesis offers the most stability when there is significant bone loss?
What type of knee prosthesis offers the most stability when there is significant bone loss?
What is the primary purpose of powered surgical instruments in orthopedic procedures?
What is the primary purpose of powered surgical instruments in orthopedic procedures?
What is a potential consequence of not using the safety lock on powered surgical instruments?
What is a potential consequence of not using the safety lock on powered surgical instruments?
How long can a pneumatic tourniquet safely be inflated on a patient's arm?
How long can a pneumatic tourniquet safely be inflated on a patient's arm?
What inflation pressure should the tourniquet not exceed for the arm?
What inflation pressure should the tourniquet not exceed for the arm?
Why are forced-air warming blankets particularly important in orthopedic surgeries?
Why are forced-air warming blankets particularly important in orthopedic surgeries?
What is the primary use of the C-Arm in orthopedic surgery?
What is the primary use of the C-Arm in orthopedic surgery?
Which statement regarding pneumatic tourniquets is correct?
Which statement regarding pneumatic tourniquets is correct?
What are the recommended maximum inflation pressures for a pneumatic tourniquet on the thigh?
What are the recommended maximum inflation pressures for a pneumatic tourniquet on the thigh?
What is one of the main responsibilities of the perioperative nurse regarding surgical tables?
What is one of the main responsibilities of the perioperative nurse regarding surgical tables?
Why is traffic control and airflow management critical in the orthopedic operating room?
Why is traffic control and airflow management critical in the orthopedic operating room?
What is the primary purpose of performing an arthroscopy of the knee?
What is the primary purpose of performing an arthroscopy of the knee?
What type of anesthesia can be used for knee arthroscopy?
What type of anesthesia can be used for knee arthroscopy?
Which structure is primarily affected by a meniscus tear?
Which structure is primarily affected by a meniscus tear?
In repairing a meniscal tear, what is crucial about the vascular zone?
In repairing a meniscal tear, what is crucial about the vascular zone?
What is the primary stabilizing function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee?
What is the primary stabilizing function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee?
What is commonly associated with ACL injuries?
What is commonly associated with ACL injuries?
What is usually used as a graft for anterior cruciate ligament repair?
What is usually used as a graft for anterior cruciate ligament repair?
Which of the following is NOT a procedural consideration during meniscal tear repair?
Which of the following is NOT a procedural consideration during meniscal tear repair?
What should be the focus of treatment for a meniscus tear?
What should be the focus of treatment for a meniscus tear?
During an arthroscopic procedure, what happens to the meniscal tissue?
During an arthroscopic procedure, what happens to the meniscal tissue?
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Study Notes
Orthopedic and Spine Surgery Overview
- Orthopedic surgery involves anatomical understanding, procedural considerations, and safety precautions regarding specialized equipment.
- Technological advancements have significantly enhanced patient outcomes in orthopedic procedures.
Anatomy of the Skeletal System
- The skeletal system consists of 206 bones, muscles, ligaments, and tendons, supporting soft tissues and enabling movement.
- Cortical bone forms the hard outer layer, while cancellous bone is softer and contains red marrow.
- Long bones have a diaphysis (shaft) and epiphysis (ends) separated by the epiphyseal plate until skeletal maturity.
Spine Structure
- The vertebral column comprises cervical (7), thoracic (12), and lumbar (5) vertebrae, with the sacrum and coccyx fused at the base.
- Intervertebral joints enhance mobility through cartilage connections.
Perioperative Nursing Considerations
- Strict verification of the operative side and site is crucial through safety checklists and imaging.
- Aseptic technique is mandatory due to the use of fixation systems in surgeries.
Patient Positioning Techniques
- Positioning is determined by the surgical approach: supine, lateral, Fowler’s, or prone.
- Specialized aids (e.g., Vac packs) are utilized to maintain patient safety and comfort during procedures.
Draping and Instrumentation
- Draping depends on the procedure, utilizing limb draping techniques and independent drapes.
- An orthopedic procedure instrument set includes periosteal elevators, bone rongeurs, and other specialized tools.
Instrumentation Sequence for Bone Fixation
- Stabilize the fracture with a bone holder.
- Drill and tap the bone to create a channel for screws.
- Measure depth with a gauge and insert screws using a screwdriver.
Equipment In Use
- Powered surgical instruments, especially drills, streamline orthopedic procedures but pose a risk if not managed properly.
- Forced-air warming blankets mitigate hypothermia risks during extensive skin exposure.
Pneumatic Tourniquets
- Tourniquets facilitate a bloodless surgical field; inflation pressure is determined by patient-specific metrics.
- Recommended maximum inflation time is 60 minutes for upper extremities and 120 minutes for lower extremities.
Airflow and Traffic Control
- Maintaining controlled airflow reduces the risk of introducing microorganisms into the surgical field.
Knee Surgery Focus: Arthroscopy
- The most frequent arthroscopic procedure allows for diagnostic evaluation and repairs like synovial biopsies and ACL reconstructions.
- Torn ACL and meniscus injuries are common, necessitating specific surgical interventions.
Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)
- TKA is conducted for conditions like arthritis to improve knee function and stability.
- Types of knee implants include unicompartmental, bicompartmental, and tricompartmental, with fixation techniques varying based on bone quality and patient factors.
Implants and Fixation Techniques
- Knee prostheses are designed to preserve ligaments and maintain stability, with consideration given to age, activity level, and surgeon preference.
- Proper identification is crucial as knee prostheses are specific to the left or right knee.
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