ORNs and Glomeruli Selectivity in Odor Perception

Adenylate cyclase (ACIII)

Golf

Na+ and Ca2+

<p>Ca2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By breaking down cAMP using specific phosphodiesterases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.008 mM</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.0001 mM</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On the full surface of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specialized neuroepithelial receptor cells called taste cells, supporting cells, and occasional basal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximately 4000 taste buds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individual glomeruli respond specifically (or selectively) to distinct odorants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Circular trench containing about 250 taste buds along the trench walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single and multiunit recordings, metabolic mapping, voltage-sensitive dyes, genetically encoded sensors of electrical activity, or intrinsic signals that depend on blood oxygenation have been used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing the odorant concentration increases the activity of individual glomeruli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different single odorants or odorants with distinct chemical structures maximally activate one or a few glomeruli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One might expect this due to the complex composition of these natural odors, each of which is composed of more than 100 compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is still not clear how (or whether) odor identity and concentration are mapped across the entire array, or reflect the activation of smaller subsets of glomeruli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transduce chemical stimuli to encode information about the identity, concentration, and qualities of the substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By causing salivation, swallowing, gagging, or regurgitation depending on the quality of the substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In taste buds distributed on the dorsal surface of the tongue, soft palate, pharynx, and upper part of the esophagus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Via somatosensory receptors from the trigeminal and other sensory cranial nerves to the thalamus and somatosensory cortices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural and psychological factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both are defined by specialized peripheral receptors and central pathways that relay and process sensory information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintain a healthy population by a normal cycle of degeneration and regeneration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neural stem cells among the basal cells in the mature olfactory epithelium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intestine and lung.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every 6 to 8 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Airborne pollutants, allergens, microorganisms, and other potentially harmful substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They give rise to new receptor neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers