Organs of Speech

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the lungs in the respiratory system?

To produce speech sounds
To regulate body temperature
To filter air
To breathe or respire (correct)

Which part of the respiratory system helps in inhaling air?

The muscles of the chest (correct)
The diaphragm
The nasal cavity
The windpipe

What describes the process of exhaling?

The lungs expand to draw air in
The trachea shuts to prevent air loss
The muscles of the chest contract to compress the lungs (correct)
The diaphragm retracts to allow air in

What is the air stream mechanism above the glottis called?

Glottalic ASM (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of sounds are produced using glottalic ingressive ASM?

Implosive sounds (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is NOT part of the respiratory system?

Pharynx (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the inhalation process?

The air passes through the trachea into the lungs (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which system provides the air stream necessary for speech production?

Respiratory system (D) Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism initiates the air stream for speech production in pulmonic ASM?

Exhaled air from the lungs (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body is primarily involved in the production of velaric ASM?

The back of the tongue (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes velaric ASM?

It is produced with air in front of the velum. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the articulatory system?

The larynx (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which languages are typically associated with velaric ASM?

African and some South American languages (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the soft palate during the production of oral sounds?

To raise and close off the nasal passage from the mouth (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the larynx in the phonatory system?

It produces sound through vocal cord vibration. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sounds is produced when the soft palate is lowered?

sun (D) Signup and view all the answers

What defines the pulmonic egressive air stream mechanism?

Air is exhaled from the lungs. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the closure of the nasal passage by raising the soft palate?

Velic Closure (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is part of the articulatory system?

The hard palate (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which example represents a nasal sound according to the articulatory system?

bon (B) Signup and view all the answers

What function does the uvula serve in the articulatory system?

To regulate airflow through the nasal cavity (B) Signup and view all the answers

How are nasalized sounds produced?

With the soft palate lowered and both passages open (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the alveolar ridge in sound production?

To form a point of contact for tongue articulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tongue in speech?

To move forward, backward, upward, and downward (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples illustrates velic closure?

bag (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the tongue is referred to as the Apex?

Tip of the tongue (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the tongue is opposite the hard palate?

Middle (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the blade of the tongue in speech?

Makes contact with the upper teeth ridge (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which example best illustrates the use of the back of the tongue?

Good (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the tongue is found beyond the back of the tongue?

Root (C) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Respiratory System

Comprised of lungs, chest muscles, and windpipe (trachea).
Primary function is respiration: inhalation (air drawn in) and exhalation (air expelled).
Inhalation occurs when chest muscles expand, causing lungs to fill with air.
Exhalation occurs when chest muscles contract, compressing lungs to push air out.
Provides the airflow necessary for speech sound production.

Air Stream Mechanisms (ASM)

Glottalic ASM:
- Air stream produced above the closed glottis.
- Examples include implosive sounds in some Sindhi language forms.
Velaric ASM:
- Sounds produced with air in front of the velum while airflow is blocked by the back of the tongue.
- Found in some African and South American languages.
Pulmonic ASM:
- Initiated by air exhaled from the lungs, known as pulmonic egressive.
- Commonly used in all languages globally.

Phonatory System

Composed of the larynx located in the throat.
Responsible for voice production through vibration of vocal cords.

Articulatory System

Involves several key components that help shape speech sounds:
- Pharynx: Connects top of larynx to the roof of the tongue.
- Lips: Contribute to sound formation by closing or opening.
- Teeth: Act as articulatory surfaces.
- Alveolar Ridge: Located just behind the upper teeth, important for certain consonants.
- Hard Palate: Bony structure that shapes sound.
- Soft Palate (Velum): Functions as a valve controlling airflow between the nasal and oral cavities.
- Uvula: A small fleshy extension at the end of the soft palate.
- Tongue: Highly mobile organ facilitating articulation of various sounds.

Soft Palate Functions

Oral Sounds: Produced with the soft palate raised; nasal passage is closed and air escapes through the mouth (e.g., "bag").
Nasal Sounds: Created with the soft palate lowered allowing air to escape through the nose (e.g., "sum").
Nasalized Sounds: Occur with the soft palate lowered; both nasal and oral passages are open (e.g., French "bon").

Tongue Dynamics

Most mobile organ, enabling movement in multiple directions.
Essential for pronunciation:
- Vowels: Adjusted by raising or lowering without touching the roof of the mouth.
- Consonants: Requires contact with various mouth parts.
Divided into five parts for articulation:
- Tip (Apex): Engaged for sounds like "thanks."
- Blade: After apex; used for sounds like "sum" and "zoo."
- Middle (Front): Opposite the hard palate; involved in sounds like "ship."
- Back (Dorsum): Opposite the soft palate; used in sounds like "alms."
- Root: Located beyond the back of the tongue.

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Organs of Speech - English Linguistics

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