Organophosphorus Compounds and Antidotes
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Organophosphorus Compounds and Antidotes

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common reason for pesticide-related poisoning?

  • Fungal infections
  • Herbicide exposure
  • Organophosphorus compounds (correct)
  • Insect bites

    • What physical state are most organophosphorus pesticides typically found in?

  • Liquid (correct)
  • Solid
  • Gel
  • Gas

    • Which of the following is an example of an organophosphorus pesticide?

  • Malathion (correct)
  • Carbaryl
  • Atrazine
  • Glyphosate

    • What percentage of pesticide-related poisoning cases are attributed to organophosphorus compounds?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do organophosphorus pesticides behave at room temperature?

    <p>They are volatile and evaporate quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are essential components of supportive care in medical emergencies?

    <p>Airway, Breathing, Circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure is commonly used in treating poisoning cases, alongside supportive care?

    <p>Gastric lavage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly represents the sequence of supportive care priority?

    <p>Airway, Breathing, Circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario might gastric lavage be utilized?

    <p>Acute poisoning incidents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option does NOT represent a component of the ABC supportive care strategy?

    <p>Blood testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of atropine as an antidote?

    <p>Reverse mainly muscarinic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is known to reverse both muscarinic and nicotinic effects?

    <p>Oxim compounds (pralidoxim)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the effectiveness of atropine?

    <p>It mainly reverses the effects on muscarinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oxim compounds in antidotal therapy?

    <p>Reverse both muscarinic and nicotinic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation would atropine be considered ineffective?

    <p>For reversing nicotinic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do carbamate pesticides compare to organophosphorus pesticides in terms of human exposure danger?

    <p>Carbamate pesticides are less dangerous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of carbamate enzyme stability compared to organophosphorus compounds?

    <p>Carbamate enzymes are less stable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of action for carbamate pesticides in comparison to organophosphorus pesticides?

    <p>Carbamate pesticides have a shorter duration of action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does ACHE play with respect to carbamate pesticides?

    <p>It is inhibited but recovers slower than with organophosphorus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the reversibility of the inhibition caused by carbamate pesticides?

    <p>Carbamate inhibition is reversible and less toxic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is likely to occur shortly after pyrethroid ingestion?

    <p>Sore throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with pyrethroid ingestion?

    <p>Shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gastrointestinal symptom may be experienced after ingesting pyrethroids?

    <p>Abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is related to swallowing difficulties due to pyrethroid ingestion?

    <p>Dysphagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible effect of pyrethroid ingestion on the mouth?

    <p>Mouth ulceration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Organophosphorus Compounds

    • Organophosphate pesticides are commonly used in agriculture due to their effectiveness and are a major cause of pesticide poisoning hospitalizations (80% or more)
    • These compounds are typically liquid and have varying vapor pressures at room temperature, meaning they can evaporate and be inhaled
    • They are cholinesterase inhibitors, meaning they bind to cholinesterase enzymes, preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh)
    • This leads to an accumulation of ACh, which causes a multitude of symptoms due to its binding to nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

    Antidotes for Organophosphate Poisoning

    • Atropine: Primarily counteracts muscarinic effects of ACh accumulation
    • Oxim Compounds (e.g., pralidoxime): Reverse both muscarinic and nicotinic effects of ACh buildup

    Carbamate Pesticides

    • Carbamate pesticides are also cholinesterase inhibitors, but their effect on cholinesterase is reversible and less toxic than organophosphorus compounds
    • The mechanism of carbamate toxicity involves carbamylation of the enzyme (cholinesterase), which is temporary and relatively short-lived compared to the organophosphate effect

    Pyrethroid Pesticides

    • Pyrethroid ingestion can cause immediate symptoms such as sore throat, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain
    • Other potential effects include mouth ulceration, excessive secretions, and difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)

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    Pesticides - Toxicology Lec 2 (PDF)

    Description

    This quiz covers organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, their effects on cholinesterase enzymes, and the resulting symptoms from acetylcholine accumulation. It also explores the antidotes used to treat organophosphate poisoning, including atropine and oxime compounds. Test your knowledge on these essential agricultural chemicals and their effects on human health.

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