Organizational Behavior Quiz
48 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

The pressure of a group can frequently have a stronger influence on worker productivity than ______ demands.

management

Mayo highlighted that employee ______ can significantly impact productivity.

morale

A supervisor who shows ______ towards workers can foster better cooperation.

friendliness

Human and social ______ can outweigh monetary incentives in motivating employee groups.

<p>motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychology is the science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change human ______.

<p>behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of people in relation to their fellow human beings is referred to as ______.

<p>sociology</p> Signup and view all the answers

The discipline that focuses on the influence of people on one another is known as ______ psychology.

<p>social</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities is called ______.

<p>anthropology</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anthropology contributes to the understanding of comparative values, comparative attitudes, and cross-cultural analysis in ______.

<p>organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Development of personal styles of ______ can be guided by knowledge of organizational behavior studies.

<p>leadership</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the area of performance enhancement, benefits can be gained by applying knowledge gathered in the field of ______.

<p>organizational behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

Being able to deal effectively with others in organizational settings requires understanding of ______.

<p>organizational behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

OB deals with human behavior at three levels: individual, group and ______.

<p>organizational</p> Signup and view all the answers

Personality depends on hereditary, environmental and situational ______.

<p>factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Basic convictions of good and bad are referred to as ______ and attitudes.

<p>values</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leadership styles can be categorized as autocratic, democratic, and ______.

<p>benevolent</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ABC model of attitude includes Affective, Behavioral, and ______

<p>Cognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-esteem is defined as the respect or regard one has for ______

<p>himself</p> Signup and view all the answers

The belief in one's capability to succeed in a certain situation is referred to as self ______

<p>efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

The extent to which people feel they have control over their lives is known as the locus of ______

<p>control</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organizational culture refers to the pattern of basic ______ passed on to new entrants.

<p>assumptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organizational effectiveness is about having the right ______ and objectives.

<p>goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

The span of control can be classified as narrow or wide in ______ design.

<p>organizational</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sequence THINK (Cognitive) -----→ FEEL (Affective) -----→ ______ (Behaviour) describes the components of attitude.

<p>BEHAVE</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organizational Behaviour investigates the impact of individuals, groups, and ______ on behaviour within the organisation.

<p>structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

OB is characterized as an interdisciplinary field that draws knowledge from various sciences such as Psychology, Sociology, and ______.

<p>Anthropology</p> Signup and view all the answers

The objective of OB is to ______, predict, and control human behaviour.

<p>understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

A factory is not only a techno-economic unit but also a ______ unit, as concluded by Prof. Mayo.

<p>social</p> Signup and view all the answers

OB seeks to fulfill both employees' needs and ______ objectives.

<p>organizational</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Current Phase of OB includes understanding cross cultural factors and ______.

<p>inclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of OB is less than ______ years old.

<p>100</p> Signup and view all the answers

The output increased in the Relay Room due to the effective functioning of a social group with a warm relationship with its ______.

<p>supervisors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychologist William James described the self as having two sides: the 'me' that is the object of our thoughts and the 'I' that does the ______.

<p>thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Carl Rogers, the three components that make up self-concept are self-image, self-esteem, and ______ self.

<p>ideal</p> Signup and view all the answers

A sense of self begins to develop around ______ months of age, as toddlers start to distinguish themselves from others.

<p>18</p> Signup and view all the answers

By age ______, children start to define themselves in psychological terms, understanding who they are and who they want to be.

<p>6-7</p> Signup and view all the answers

From ages 7 to 12, children focus on self-regulation and blending their individual self with ______.

<p>society</p> Signup and view all the answers

During adolescence, individuals experiment with their identity and compare themselves with ______.

<p>others</p> Signup and view all the answers

Coppersmith's study involved hundreds of fifth and sixth graders, where he selected ______ boys for intensive interviewing to eliminate gender as a factor.

<p>85</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children's opinions of themselves significantly impact their personality development and self ______.

<p>esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

Having a fair ______ is important to me.

<p>supervisor</p> Signup and view all the answers

I am going to request a ______.

<p>transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Attitudes develop with rewarding or punishing ______ with the object.

<p>experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

Employee attitudes are influenced by their previous job ______.

<p>experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

Operant Conditioning is when we acquire ______ that is accepted.

<p>attitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

Family and peer group influence our ______ about attitudes.

<p>thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children pick up behavior from parents through ______ learning.

<p>vicarious</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conformity is influenced by peers and ______.

<p>friends</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is an organization?

A group of people working together to achieve common goals, both individual and organizational.

What is behavior in an organizational context?

Actions and behaviors of individuals and groups within an organization.

What is Organizational Behavior (OB)?

The study of how individuals and groups behave in organizations, considering their impact on structure, performance, and effectiveness.

How is Organizational Behavior related to general management?

OB is a part of management, but not the entirety of it. It focuses on understanding human behavior within organizations, rather than just technical or financial aspects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the goal of Organizational Behavior?

OB considers people's needs and aims to find solutions for both individual and organizational goals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What significant conclusion did the Hawthorne Studies reveal about human behavior in organizations?

The Hawthorne studies showed that social interactions and relationships within the workplace significantly impact productivity and employee motivation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How is a factory or workplace considered a social unit?

Beyond just tasks, organizations are also social units where relationships and interactions matter for employee well-being and productivity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does a positive social environment influence employee motivation and productivity?

The Hawthorne Studies highlighted the importance of a positive and supportive social environment within the workplace. Groups with good relationships and strong connections with their supervisors tend to be more motivated and productive.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Group Influence

The influence of social groups on individual behavior in a workplace setting, where group pressure can be a stronger motivator than management demands.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Group Behavior

The pattern of interactions and behaviors exhibited by members of a group, which can overshadow individual behaviors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Motivation

The understanding that non-financial motivators, such as social needs and recognition, can be more effective in driving performance than purely monetary incentives.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Supervision

The way that a supervisor's style impacts employee attitudes and productivity, highlighting the significance of a friendly and supportive approach.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Employee Morale

The idea that employee morale, both individual and collective, has a direct impact on productivity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Communication

The concept that open communication and involving workers in decision-making processes can improve productivity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Balanced Approach

The idea that addressing work-related issues requires a holistic approach, considering various factors rather than focusing solely on management.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sociology

The study of people in relation to their fellow human beings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the three levels of OB?

It deals with the impact of individual, group, and organizational behaviour on each other.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Personality in OB?

The sum total of an individual's interaction and response to others and the world around them. It is influenced by heredity, environment, and situations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Perception in OB?

How we interpret the world around us. It can be influenced by our experiences, values, beliefs, and even our mood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are Values and Attitudes in OB?

Strong convictions about what is good and bad. They are evaluative statements expressing positive or negative feelings towards something.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Leadership in OB?

The ability to influence others to achieve a common goal. Styles vary, including autocratic, democratic, and benevolent.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Power and Politics in OB?

The ability to give or withhold resources. It's often used strategically to align people towards a common goal.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Communication in OB?

Formal and informal communication channels within an organization. It can flow in various directions and forms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Attitude

The blend of emotions, beliefs, and behaviors we have toward something.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ABC Model

The three elements of an attitude: affective (feelings), cognitive (beliefs), and behavioral (actions).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Self Esteem

The degree to which we value ourselves, our worth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Self Efficacy

Our belief in our ability to succeed in a specific situation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Locus of Control

How much control we believe we have over our own lives.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Organizational Culture

A set of patterns of shared beliefs and values that shape how members of an organization think, behave, and interact. It's like the unwritten rules of the workplace.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Organizational Effectiveness

The alignment between an organization's goals and objectives and its environment, ensuring success and sustainability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Attitude Formation

The process of forming attitudes based on experiences, interactions, and observations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Classical Conditioning and Attitude Formation

Classical conditioning involves associating something neutral with a stimulus that naturally evokes a response. This can influence attitudes by associating products, brands, or ideas with positive emotions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Operant Conditioning and Attitude Formation

Operant conditioning involves learning through the consequences of our actions. Attitudes are shaped by rewards and punishments for expressing certain views.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vicarious Learning and Attitude Formation

Observing the behaviors of others and their consequences can influence our own attitudes. This can affect our beliefs about what is acceptable or desirable.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mass Communication and Attitudes

Mass communication, such as advertising, news, and entertainment, plays a crucial role in shaping attitudes by presenting information, influencing perceptions, and promoting specific beliefs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social Influences on Attitude Formation

Family, peers, and social groups significantly influence the development of attitudes by providing models, values, and norms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Socioeconomic Influences on Attitude Formation

Economic status and occupation can influence our attitudes towards things like wealth, work, and social issues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neighborhood and Community Influences on Attitude Formation

Neighborhoods and communities shape our attitudes by providing a social context, influencing our exposure to different ideas, values, and behaviors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How did William James conceptualize "self"?

The "me" is the self we perceive as an object of our thoughts, while the "I" is the part that thinks and acts. Think of it like a mirror reflecting your image and the one looking in the mirror.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are Carl Rogers' components of the self?

Self-image is how we see ourselves, self-esteem is how much we value ourselves, and ideal self is who we aspire to be. Imagine three portraits: one is how you look, one is how much you like that look, and one is your dream version.

Signup and view all the flashcards

When does self-recognition typically develop?

Around 18 months, children begin to recognize themselves as separate individuals, distinct from others. Think of a toddler pointing to themselves in the mirror and saying "Me!"

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do children define themselves at age 3?

By age 3, children start describing themselves based on physical characteristics like appearance and where they live. Think of a child saying, "I have brown hair and I live in a blue house."

Signup and view all the flashcards

What self-definition emerges around ages 6-7?

Around age 6-7, children develop a deeper understanding of their 'real self' (who they are) and their 'ideal self' (who they want to be). Think of two pictures: one is the current them, and the other is their imagined future self.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does the self-concept evolve between ages 7 and 12?

Children learn social norms and integrate them into their self-concept. They start blending their individuality with societal expectations. Think of a child trying to follow classroom rules and fit in with their friends.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How is the sense of self explored during adolescence?

Adolescence is a time of self-exploration and identity experimentation. Teens compare themselves to others and develop fundamental beliefs about themselves. Think of a teenager trying out different styles, music, and activities to find their own identity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does self-esteem develop in children and adolescents?

Self-esteem is influenced by comparing our real self to our ideal self and how we measure up to societal standards. Think of a child feeling proud of their accomplishments or disappointed when failing to meet expectations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Organizational Behavior (OB)

  • OB is the study and application of knowledge about how people act in an organization as individuals and groups.
  • OB helps understand human behavior in work organizations at individual and group levels.
  • OB is a human tool for human benefit. It helps to predict individual behavior.
  • OB is an interdisciplinary field combining knowledge from various social sciences (psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science, economics).
  • OB is an applied behavioral science, action-oriented, and goal-directed. It provides rational thinking about people and their behavior.
  • OB is both a science and an art. The systematic knowledge of human behavior is a science, while practical application of behavioral knowledge is an art.
  • OB aims to fulfill both employees' needs and organizational objectives.

Goals of OB

  • Explain how people act in organizations.
  • Explain why they act as they do.
  • Provide ways to predict and manage human behavior.

Levels of Analysis

  • Individual level
  • Group level
  • Organizational system level

Development of OB

  • OB is a relatively young field, less than 100 years old.
  • Early formative years, precursor phase, maturity phase, and current phase can be considered phases of development.

Historical Background

  • The Hawthorne Studies (1924-1930s) at Western Electric Company, Illinois, investigated the effects of illumination intensity on worker productivity.
  • These studies found that illumination intensity was not directly related to productivity.
  • Key findings highlighted the role of social factors in impacting worker performance. (e.g. motivation, relationship with supervisors, social influences)
  • Professor Elton Mayo's research redesigned jobs, varied working day lengths, and introduced rest periods. This further shaped OB based theory and practice.

Contributing Disciplines

  • Psychology: The science of measuring, explaining, and changing human (and animal) behavior. Its role extends to learning, motivation, personality,emotions,perception,training, and leadership.
  • Social Psychology: Combines psychology and sociology, focusing on interpersonal dynamics (influences on one another). This relates to behavioral change, attitudes, communication styles, group processes, and group decision making.
  • Sociology: Studies people in relation to other people. It covers various group dynamics, work teams, communication, power, intergroup relations, formal organizations.
  • Anthropology: Studies human activities and societies, emphasizing comparative values, attitudes, and cross-cultural analysis in organizational contexts.

Practical Applications

  • OB principles can guide development of leadership styles suitable to situations.
  • Applying OB knowledge enhances performance at work.
  • Understands how to effectively interact with others in organizational settings.
  • Psychology: Perception, personality, motivation, and learning
  • Sociology: Nature and functions of groups and organizations, culture, norms, values, and ethics.
  • Anthropology: Culture, norms, values, and ethics; cross-cultural analysis.
  • Political Science: Power, politics, and ethics in organizations
  • Communication studies: Nature and functions of business communication

Objectives

  • Understand human interaction within an organization to improve outcomes (results).

Perception

  • Selecting stimuli relevant at a given time
  • Organising selected stimuli (converting them into meaning)
  • Interpreting perceived events or objects to draw inferences.

Factors influencing selection

  • Internal factors (e.g. need, motive, background, experience, personality)
  • External factors (e.g. intensity, size, contrast, repetition, movement, novelty, familiarity).

Attitudes

  • Beliefs, feelings, and action tendencies towards objects, ideas, and people.
  • Attitudes are learned.
  • They are core to individuals, and can vary among people on a continuum.

Formation of Attitudes

  • Mass communication (a significant influence).
  • Experience with the object (rewards, punishment).
  • Classical conditioning (Pavlov's dog).
  • Operant conditioning (attitudes learned and reinforced by consequences).
  • Vicarious learning (observing behavior of others and their consequences).
  • Economic status, occupation, neighborhood, and family & peer group.

Functions of Attitudes

  • Adjustment: Helps adjust to the environment
  • Ego defense: Protects self-image
  • Value expression: Expresses personal values.
  • Knowledge: Provides a stable, structured view of the world

Covert and Overt Behaviors

  • Covert behaviors are internal, hidden actions (e.g., thinking, feelings).
  • Overt behaviors are observable actions (e.g., walking, talking).

Major Job Attitudes

  • Job satisfaction
  • Job involvement
  • Job performance
  • Customer satisfaction
  • Organizational commitment
  • Organizational citizenship behavior
  • Absenteeism
  • Psychological empowerment

Personality

  • Traits and behaviors characterising an individual.
  • Personality is relatively stable.
  • Influenced by both nature and nurture (heredity and environment).
  • Personality theories explain the structure of personality.

Big Five Model

  • Openness to experience
  • Conscientiousness
  • Extraversion
  • Agreeableness
  • Neuroticism

BIG 5 & Work

  • Conscientiousness is a strong predictor of job performance.
  • Other traits are predictors of different aspects of job performance.
  • Agreeableness & neuroticism often predict better teamwork.
  • Openness is positively related to proactivity, but negatively with team efficiency
  • Extraversion is a predictor of leadership and success in higher echelons of an organization.

Self-efficacy

  • A person's belief in their ability to succeed in a particular situation.
  • It is influenced by past experiences, social interactions, and emotional reactions.

Self-esteem

  • One's sense of worth.
  • Is affected and shaped by environment and relationships.

Locus of Control

  • Internal locus of control: Believes they have control over their own lives
  • External locus of control: Feel they have less control

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Description

Test your knowledge on the principles of organizational behavior and the psychological factors influencing worker productivity. This quiz covers critical concepts including human interaction, motivation, and the impact of social dynamics within the workplace.

More Like This

cours 1
40 questions

cours 1

UnabashedRhodolite avatar
UnabashedRhodolite
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser