Organizational Behavior Chapter 9
48 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of these options is a characteristic of an informal group?

  • Driven by organizational objectives
  • Created for specific goals
  • Alliances that are not formally structured (correct)
  • Defined by the organization's structure

    • According to social identity theory, why do people have emotional reactions to their group's performance?

  • People's self-esteem becomes tied to their group's success or failure. (correct)
  • People are motivated by the desire to be recognized for their contributions.
  • People feel responsible for their group's actions.
  • People are naturally empathetic and react to the emotions of others.

    • What is the primary purpose of a group, as defined in the content?

  • To provide a sense of belonging and identity.
  • To foster teamwork and collaboration within an organization.
  • To enhance individual productivity and efficiency.
  • To achieve specific objectives through interdependence. (correct)

    • What is the term for the tendency to view members of one's own group as superior to members of other groups?

    <p>Ingroup favoritism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options is an example of an informal group?

    <p>A group of friends who regularly meet for lunch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does social identity theory help us understand ourselves?

    <p>By clarifying our sense of belonging and our place within society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between formal and informal groups?

    <p>Formal groups are sanctioned by the organization, while informal groups are not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements BEST describes the concept of ingroup favoritism?

    <p>People tend to view members of their own group as more competent than others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a source of status characteristics according to the theory mentioned in the text?

    <p>Individual's appearance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals believe they will be negatively evaluated due to their association with a devalued group?

    <p>Social identity threat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of perceived status inequity within a group?

    <p>Resentment and corrective behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the punctuated-equilibrium model?

    <p>The group's performance typically improves steadily throughout the phases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential benefit of diversity in a group?

    <p>Enhanced open-mindedness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the situation where an individual experiences conflicting expectations from different roles they hold?

    <p>Role conflict (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible negative impact of group size on its overall performance?

    <p>Social loafing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential benefit of working in a smaller group?

    <p>More efficient use of effort (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of interrole conflict?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common impact of high status individuals on group dynamics?

    <p>They are generally more assertive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Stanford Prison Experiment, conducted by Philip Zimbardo demonstrated that:

    <p>Role expectations can be easily learned and adopted by individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the acceptable standards of behavior shared by members of a group?

    <p>Norms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of group cohesiveness?

    <p>Improved group performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a potential benefit of working in a large group?

    <p>More efficient decision-making (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A recent study on task groups showed that:

    <p>Both individuals’ emotions and group emotions can influence each other. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main finding of the research on group norms and emotions?

    <p>Norms can shape the interpretation and experience of emotions for both individuals and the group. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a strength of group decision making?

    <p>Less time consuming (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a weakness of group decision making?

    <p>Increased acceptance of solutions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor in the effectiveness and efficiency of group decisions?

    <p>Conformity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes 'groupthink' in decision making?

    <p>Group pressures for conformity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'groupshift' in decision making?

    <p>A shift in the group's decision from an individual member's decision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of brainstorming?

    <p>Members are encouraged to think in the unusual (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the nominal group technique?

    <p>Members are encouraged to work independently (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the nominal group technique?

    <p>Members independently write down their ideas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of brainstorming compared to nominal group technique?

    <p>Brainstorming is more susceptible to social pressure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of group decision-making, what does 'commitment to solution' refer to?

    <p>The level of enthusiasm members have for implementing the solution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about status differences in groups is TRUE?

    <p>Groups with large status differences are more likely to experience conflict. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group decision-making technique is best suited for generating a large number of ideas quickly?

    <p>Brainstorming (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the 'Implications for Managers' section in the content?

    <p>Understanding the dynamics of group behavior within organizations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following group characteristics is MOST LIKELY to lead to deviant workplace activities?

    <p>Norms that support antisocial behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, which of these statements is TRUE about the impact of larger groups on individual performance?

    <p>Larger groups are better suited for fact-finding activities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these criteria is NOT considered in evaluating group effectiveness?

    <p>Individual performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did individuals' emotions affect the group's emotions in a recent study?

    <p>Individuals' emotions directly influenced the group's emotions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of organizations with corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives?

    <p>To ensure that their values influence employees' behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between positive group norms and positive outcomes?

    <p>Positive group norms lead to positive outcomes only if other factors are present. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category of Deviant Workplace Behavior mentioned in the text?

    <p>Ethical (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a Production deviant workplace behavior?

    <p>Intentionally working slowly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a Property deviant workplace behavior?

    <p>Stealing from the organization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a Political deviant workplace behavior?

    <p>Showing favoritism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a Personal Aggression deviant workplace behavior?

    <p>Verbal abuse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Organizational Behavior - Chapter 9: Foundations of Group Behavior

    • A group is defined as two or more interdependent individuals who interact and work together to achieve specific objectives. These can be formal or informal groups.
      • Formal groups are structured by the organization.
      • Informal groups are not formally structured or organizationally determined.
    • Social identity theory highlights how individuals identify with groups and the emotional reactions linked to group success or failure. Self-esteem is often tied to group performance.
    • Ingroup favoritism occurs when members perceive their group as superior to other groups or outgroups. A key aspect is that whenever an ingroup exists, an outgroup necessarily coexists.
    • Social identity threat can occur due to ingroups/outgroups. It is akin to stereotype threat. Individuals may be negatively evaluated due to group membership, thus potentially decreasing confidence and performance.
    • The punctuated equilibrium model describes group development as occurring in phases.
      • Characterized by initial inertia, a transition period, and a burst of activity to achieve the final product.
      • This model shows that the phase one is marked by inertia and low performance until a meeting, and this will then lead to increased activity in the second phase as a transition period before reaching completion.
    • Role is a set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position.
      • Role perception is one's belief of how to act in a given situation.
      • Role expectations are how others believe one should act.
    • Role conflict occurs when divergent role expectations exist. Interrole conflict arises when expectations from different groups are conflicting.
    • Role play and assimilation, exemplified by Zimbardo's prison experiment, demonstrates how quickly individuals can assume roles distinct from their personalities.
    • Norms are shared acceptable standards of behavior within a group.
      • Norms influence emotions within task groups. Individuals’ emotions influence the group’s emotions and vice versa.
      • Norms guide how individuals and groups experience and interpret shared emotions.
      • Positive norms can lead to positive outcomes but other factors are required in order to have a guarantee of success.
    • Group size impacts overall behavior.
      • Larger groups are better for diverse inputs.
      • Smaller groups work more effectively for goal-directed work.
    • Social loafing is the reduced effort when working in groups compared to working alone.
    • Status, a socially defined position or rank, stems from either power dynamics, contribution to group goals, or personal characteristics.
      • High-status individuals often have more freedom to deviate from norms and are more assertive.
      • Perceived status inequity can lead to group conflict and corrective behavior.
    • Diversity, in terms of degree to which members are either similar or different, typically leads to increased group conflict in the short term. But diverse groups may perform better over time due to increased openness and creativity.
    • Group decision making offers strengths (more information, diverse views, greater acceptance) and weaknesses (time consuming, conformity pressures, dominance by some members, ambiguous responsibility)
      • Groupthink arises when conformity pressures suppress critical appraisal of diverse opinions.
      • Groupshift is the modification of decision views or opinions compared to individual views or opinions within the group.
      • Interacting groups often censor perspectives and force opinion conformity within the group.
      • Brainstorming allows for overcoming conformity pressures using techniques like no criticism and encouraging unusual ideas.
      • The nominal group technique limits discussion, enabling independent contributions, ranking, and a final decision based on aggregated rankings.
    • Managers should recognize groups' significant impact on individual behavior, paying attention to roles, norms, and cohesion. Antisocial group norms can increase deviant workplace activities.
      • Consider the status aspect of groups (ensure diverse opinions are included).
      • Employ appropriate group sizes for fact-finding (larger) versus action-taking (smaller) tasks. Accuracy measurements are key for performance evaluation.
      • Clarify job roles for improved employee satisfaction.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Organizational Behavior Chapter 6 Foundations of Group Behavior PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers Chapter 9 of Organizational Behavior, focusing on the foundations of group behavior. Topics include the definitions and structures of formal and informal groups, social identity theory, ingroup favoritism, and social identity threat. Test your understanding of how these concepts impact group dynamics and individual performance.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser