24 Questions
Which type of manager, according to McGregor, believes that subordinates are active and responsible?
Theory Y Manager
What is the main advantage of large-scale production in an organization?
Economies of Scale
What is the main goal of organizational redesign according to Organizational Theory?
To maintain and increase effectiveness
What is the main idea behind Argyris' Growth Perspective?
Growth is a natural and healthy experience for an individual
What is the primary purpose of organizational change?
To increase effectiveness and competitiveness
What is the type of arbitration where two sides have agreed to abide by the arbitrator's decision?
Binding arbitration
What is the force that compels organizations to change how and where they produce goods and services?
Economic, Political, and Global Forces
What is the result of power conflict during organizational change?
More power struggle and resistance to change
What is the technique developed by W. Edwards Deming to increase organizational effectiveness?
Total Quality Management (TQM)
What is the primary focus of Organizational Theory?
Coordinating actions to achieve a common goal
What is the concept of Span of Control related to?
The width of an organization's hierarchy
What is a key assumption of early organizational theories?
There is a 'right' structure for an organization
Which of the following is NOT a component of an organization's system?
Leadership Style
What is the primary concern of Systems Theory in an organizational context?
Optimizing the conversion process to achieve efficiency
What is the purpose of organizational change?
To increase the organization's effectiveness
What type of forces compel organizations to change how and where they produce goods and services?
Economic, Political, and Global Forces
What is the goal of socializing employees into the organizational culture?
To learn the new routines on which organizational performance depends
What is the result of differences in functional orientation during organizational change?
More power struggle and resistance to change
What is the primary focus of Total Quality Management (TQM)?
Improving organizational effectiveness
What is the purpose of arbitration in organizational change?
To provide a neutral third party to choose the correct solution
What is the result of power conflict during organizational change?
More resistance to change
What is the primary goal of new investment in training and development activities?
To improve employee skills and performance
What is the purpose of changing organizational norms and values?
To motivate a multicultural and diverse workforce
What is the result of demographic and social forces on organizations?
Managers have to abandon stereotypes in making promotion decisions
Study Notes
Organizational Theory
- Organizational theory is the study of how organizations function and how they affect and are affected by the environment in which they operate.
- It is a set of propositions that explains or predicts how groups and individuals behave in varying organizational structures and circumstances.
Classical Theory
- Bureaucracy is a structure proposed by Max Weber to be the ideal form of organization, including a formal hierarchy, division of labor, and a clear set of operating procedures.
- Division of labor is the division of tasks performed in an organization into specialized jobs and departmental functions.
- Delegation of authority is the information about the decision-making process and the distribution of power within an organization.
- Span of control is the number of positions or people who report to a single individual.
Human Relations Theory
- Human Relations Theory adds a personal or human element to the study of organizations, considering the interrelationship between an organization's requirements and characteristics of its members.
- McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y explain the beliefs that managers hold about their subordinates, influencing their behavior towards those subordinates.
- Theory X Managers believe that subordinate behavior had to be controlled to meet organizational ends, while Theory Y Managers believe that subordinates are active and responsible and would be more motivated to meet organizational goals without constraining controls.
Organization
- An organization is a tool people use to coordinate their actions to obtain something they desire or value, to achieve a goal.
- Organization's inputs, conversion process, outputs, and environment are key components of an organization.
Organizational Change
- Organizational change is the process by which organizations move from their current or present state to some desired future state to increase their effectiveness.
- Targets of change include human resources, organizational norms, and values.
Resistance to Change
- Resistance to change can occur at the organizational level, including power conflict, differences in functional orientation, and fear of the unknown.
Change Management Strategies
- Total Quality Management (TQM) is a technique developed by W. Edwards Deming to improve organizational effectiveness.
- Empowerment and participation are strategies used to increase employee motivation and involvement in organizational change.
- Building alliances and networks can be used to create new relationships or technical relationships to increase organizational effectiveness.
Organizational Theory
- Organizational theory is the study of how organizations function and how they affect and are affected by the environment in which they operate.
- It is a set of propositions that explains or predicts how groups and individuals behave in varying organizational structures and circumstances.
Classical Theory
- Bureaucracy is a structure proposed by Max Weber to be the ideal form of organization, including a formal hierarchy, division of labor, and a clear set of operating procedures.
- Division of labor is the division of tasks performed in an organization into specialized jobs and departmental functions.
- Delegation of authority is the information about the decision-making process and the distribution of power within an organization.
- Span of control is the number of positions or people who report to a single individual.
Human Relations Theory
- Human Relations Theory adds a personal or human element to the study of organizations, considering the interrelationship between an organization's requirements and characteristics of its members.
- McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y explain the beliefs that managers hold about their subordinates, influencing their behavior towards those subordinates.
- Theory X Managers believe that subordinate behavior had to be controlled to meet organizational ends, while Theory Y Managers believe that subordinates are active and responsible and would be more motivated to meet organizational goals without constraining controls.
Organization
- An organization is a tool people use to coordinate their actions to obtain something they desire or value, to achieve a goal.
- Organization's inputs, conversion process, outputs, and environment are key components of an organization.
Organizational Change
- Organizational change is the process by which organizations move from their current or present state to some desired future state to increase their effectiveness.
- Targets of change include human resources, organizational norms, and values.
Resistance to Change
- Resistance to change can occur at the organizational level, including power conflict, differences in functional orientation, and fear of the unknown.
Change Management Strategies
- Total Quality Management (TQM) is a technique developed by W. Edwards Deming to improve organizational effectiveness.
- Empowerment and participation are strategies used to increase employee motivation and involvement in organizational change.
- Building alliances and networks can be used to create new relationships or technical relationships to increase organizational effectiveness.
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