Podcast
Questions and Answers
What elements are carbohydrates composed of?
What elements are carbohydrates composed of?
What is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in carbohydrates?
What is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in carbohydrates?
1:2:1
What are the simplest carbohydrates called?
What are the simplest carbohydrates called?
Simple sugars
Which of the following is NOT an example of a disaccharide?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a disaccharide?
Signup and view all the answers
What are polysaccharides made of?
What are polysaccharides made of?
Signup and view all the answers
Plants produce glucose as a form of storage for excess sugar.
Plants produce glucose as a form of storage for excess sugar.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT an example of a polysaccharide?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a polysaccharide?
Signup and view all the answers
What are lipids composed of?
What are lipids composed of?
Signup and view all the answers
Fatty acids are made of a string of carbon atoms with an acid group attached on the end.
Fatty acids are made of a string of carbon atoms with an acid group attached on the end.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?
Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?
Signup and view all the answers
Phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes.
Phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes.
Signup and view all the answers
What are steroids composed of?
What are steroids composed of?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the building blocks of proteins?
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Signup and view all the answers
All organisms use the same 20 types of amino acids.
All organisms use the same 20 types of amino acids.
Signup and view all the answers
The bond between amino acids is called a peptide bond.
The bond between amino acids is called a peptide bond.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
Signup and view all the answers
Carbon can form up to 4 covalent bonds.
Carbon can form up to 4 covalent bonds.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a way that carbon compounds can be structured?
Which of the following is NOT a way that carbon compounds can be structured?
Signup and view all the answers
What are smaller compounds called that combine to form larger organic molecules?
What are smaller compounds called that combine to form larger organic molecules?
Signup and view all the answers
What are larger organic molecules called that are formed by combining monomers?
What are larger organic molecules called that are formed by combining monomers?
Signup and view all the answers
What chemical reaction is used to build molecules by removing water?
What chemical reaction is used to build molecules by removing water?
Signup and view all the answers
What chemical reaction is used to break molecules down by adding water?
What chemical reaction is used to break molecules down by adding water?
Signup and view all the answers
Functional groups are special groups of atoms that carry out chemical reactions.
Functional groups are special groups of atoms that carry out chemical reactions.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the functional group with its primary use:
Match the functional group with its primary use:
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Organic Chemistry Overview
- Organic chemistry studies organic compounds, primarily those containing carbon.
- Many organic compounds originate from living things.
- Carbon's structure allows for extensive bonding with other atoms.
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
- Sugars and starches are examples.
- Living things use carbohydrates for energy and structural support.
- Monosaccharides (simple sugars): Glucose and fructose are examples.
- Disaccharides: Two monosaccharides bonded together (e.g., sucrose, lactose, maltose).
- Polysaccharides: Large polymers of linked monosaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose used by plants, glycogen used by animals).
Lipids
- Lipids include fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.
- Comprised mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (similar to carbohydrates, but in different ratios).
- Fats: Composed of glycerol and three fatty acids, used for energy storage and insulation. Fatty acid structure dictates fat characteristics. Animals typically have about 30 fatty acids.
- Phospholipids: Lipids containing phosphorus, key components of cell membranes.
- Steroids: Lipids with four linked carbon rings (e.g., cholesterol, hormones).
- Waxes: Organic compounds composed of fatty acids and alcohols.
Proteins
- Proteins are organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
- Essential building blocks for living things (e.g., muscles, hair, and skin).
- Amino acids: The building blocks of proteins; 20 common amino acids.
- Peptide bonds: Covalent bonds linking amino acids.
- Proteins have diverse functions including movement, structure, biochemical control, transport, storage, and regulation.
Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are large, complex molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
- They carry genetic information.
- DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid (nuclear and mitochondrial).
- RNA: Ribonucleic acid (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the fundamentals of organic chemistry, focusing on key compounds such as carbohydrates and lipids. Understand the structures and functions of various organic molecules, including their roles in living organisms. This quiz will help reinforce your knowledge of these essential topics in organic chemistry.
