Chemistry of Carbohydrates and Lipids Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the general formula for fatty acids?

  • R-COOH (correct)
  • R-COOH2
  • R-COO-
  • R-COONa
  • What is the function of lipids in biological membranes?

  • Hormone regulation
  • Energy storage
  • Structural components (correct)
  • vitamin synthesis
  • What are the two major roles of fatty acids in the body?

  • Digestive enzymes and immune response
  • Components of more complex membrane lipids and stored fat (correct)
  • Energy storage and hormone regulation
  • Vitamin synthesis and cell signaling
  • What are the oxidized derivatives of 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) called?

    <p>Eicosanoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lipophilic bile acids?

    <p>Lipid solubilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of biological molecules that are insoluble in aqueous solutions and soluble in organic solvents?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the 18-carbon amino alcohol with an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain?

    <p>Sphingosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lipids in the body, apart from energy reserves and structural components?

    <p>Vitamin and hormone synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of consuming high amounts of omega-6 fats?

    <p>Contribution to many diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of triacylglycerols makes them efficient for storing energy?

    <p>They are neutral and nonpolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are fatty acids released from triacylglycerols during digestion?

    <p>Through lipase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of strong lipase activity during digestion?

    <p>Generation of monoacylglycerols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common structural feature of all glycerol-based lipids?

    <p>A glycerol bound to a fatty acid or other group via an ester or ether linkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of micelles in lipid digestion and absorption?

    <p>They aid in further lipid digestion and absorption from the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of fatty acids with a cis configuration?

    <p>Typical in natural foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of fatty acid synthase in the body?

    <p>To supply the body with all the various fatty acid structures needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

    <p>Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the essential fatty acids, linoleic acid and linolenic acid?

    <p>They are the only fatty acids that cannot be synthesized from precursors in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of double bonds on the melting point of fatty acids?

    <p>Double bonds significantly lower the melting point of fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are fatty acids typically acquired in the body?

    <p>Through the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the carboxyl group in fatty acids?

    <p>It renders a negative charge onto fatty acids in bodily fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the notation used to describe the site of unsaturation in a fatty acid?

    <p>D and the number of the first carbon of the double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lipids

    • Lipids are biological molecules that are insoluble in aqueous solutions and soluble in organic solvents.
    • They have four major functions:
      • Serving as structural components of biological membranes
      • Providing energy reserves, predominantly in the form of triacylglycerols
      • Serving as vitamins and hormones
      • Aiding in lipid solubilization through lipophilic bile acids

    Fatty Acids

    • Fatty acids are long-chain hydrocarbon molecules containing a carboxylic acid moiety at one end.
    • They have two major roles in the body:
      • As components of more complex membrane lipids
      • As the major components of stored fat in the form of triacylglycerols
    • Fatty acids can be classified into:
      • Saturated fatty acids (no carbon-carbon double bonds)
      • Unsaturated fatty acids (contain double bonds)
    • Fatty acids with cis configuration are typical in natural foods, while trans fatty acids are formed during hydrogenation of vegetable oils.
    • The site of unsaturation in a fatty acid is indicated by the symbol Δ and the number of the first carbon of the double bond.

    Essential Fatty Acids

    • The majority of body fatty acids are acquired in the diet, but the lipid biosynthetic capacity of the body can supply the body with most fatty acid structures.
    • Two key exceptions are the essential fatty acids linoleic acid and linolenic acid, which cannot be synthesized from precursors in the body and must be provided in the diet.
    • Omega-6 fats are mainly divided into four types: LA (linoleic acid), GLA (gamma linoleic acid), ARA (arachidonic acid), and CLA (conjugated linoleic acid).

    Triacylglycerols

    • Triacylglycerols are neutral and nonpolar lipids that allow them to be stored in anhydrous environments and do not expand due to uptake of water.
    • They are space-saving, efficient molecules for storing energy.
    • Fatty acids can be released from their triacylglycerols via lipase activity.
    • During digestion, lipases release fatty acids in the gastrointestinal tract, forming stable micelles that aid in further lipid digestion and absorption.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the chemistry of carbohydrates and lipids, including fatty acids, triacylglcerols, glycerophospholipids, and more. Test your knowledge of lipid structures and functions.

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