Organic Chemistry: Carbohydrates and Lipids

Organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. They are essential for life and form structures like muscles, hair, and skin.

The building blocks of proteins. Each has an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a unique side group.

The covalent bond that connects amino acids together in a protein chain.

Proteins have many jobs in the body, like movement (actin/myosin), structure (collagen), chemical reactions (enzymes), carrying things (hemoglobin), storing things (casein), controlling things (hormones), and defense (antibodies).

Small molecules that can combine to form larger molecules (polymers).

Large molecules made of repeating monomer units bonded together.

The process of linking monomers by removing water molecules.

The process of breaking polymers apart by adding water molecules.

Large molecules (DNA and RNA), composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus, that carry genetic information.

Carbon atoms can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for a wide variety of complex molecules.

The study of carbon-containing compounds.

Compounds containing carbon.

Organic compounds with C, H, and O atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio. Used for energy and structure.

Simple sugars, simplest carbohydrates.

Two monosaccharides bonded together.

Many monosaccharides linked together.

Organic compounds including fats, oils, waxes, and steroids. Primarily C, H, and O.

Chains of carbon atoms with an acid group at one end.

Fats with many hydrogen atoms, solid at room temperature.

Fats with fewer hydrogen atoms, liquid at room temperature.

Lipids with phosphate groups, key part of cell membranes.

Lipids with four interconnected carbon rings.

Lipids composed of fatty acids and alcohols, for waterproofing and protection.

Amino acids are the fundamental units of proteins.

Organic molecules with an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH).

Covalent bonds that link amino acids together in a chain.

Proteins perform various roles, including movement, structure, biochemical reactions, transport, and storage.

Carbon atoms form up to four covalent bonds.

Building molecules by removing water.

Breaking molecules by adding water.

Small molecules that combine to form larger polymers.

Large molecules made of repeating monomer units.

Large organic molecules (DNA & RNA), carrying the genetic instructions.

The study of carbon-containing compounds.

Compounds that contain carbon.

Organic compounds with C, H, and O atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio. Used for energy and structure.

Simple sugars, the simplest carbohydrates.

Two monosaccharides bonded together.

Many monosaccharides linked together.

Organic compounds including fats, oils, waxes, and steroids. Primarily C, H, and O.

Chains of carbon atoms with an acid group at one end.

Fats with many hydrogen atoms, solid at room temperature.

Fats with fewer hydrogen atoms, liquid at room temperature.

Lipids with phosphate groups, key part of cell membranes.

Lipids with four interconnected carbon rings.

Lipids composed of fatty acids and alcohols, for waterproofing and protection.