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Questions and Answers
What is the primary element that all organic compounds contain?
What is the primary element that all organic compounds contain?
Which of the following represents the carbohydrate monosaccharides?
Which of the following represents the carbohydrate monosaccharides?
What is the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates?
What is the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates?
Which type of lipid is a major component of cell membranes?
Which type of lipid is a major component of cell membranes?
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What characterizes saturated fatty acids?
What characterizes saturated fatty acids?
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Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
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What type of bond links monosaccharides in disaccharides?
What type of bond links monosaccharides in disaccharides?
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Which of the following best describes waxes?
Which of the following best describes waxes?
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What is the sugar formed when glucose and galactose bond together?
What is the sugar formed when glucose and galactose bond together?
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Which lipid is primarily used for energy storage and insulation?
Which lipid is primarily used for energy storage and insulation?
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What are amino acids primarily defined as?
What are amino acids primarily defined as?
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Which bond specifically connects amino acids together within a protein?
Which bond specifically connects amino acids together within a protein?
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What role do enzymes primarily serve in biological systems?
What role do enzymes primarily serve in biological systems?
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Which of the following is a function of proteins involved in movement?
Which of the following is a function of proteins involved in movement?
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What process describes the building of larger molecules from smaller ones by removing water?
What process describes the building of larger molecules from smaller ones by removing water?
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Which nucleic acid is responsible for carrying genetic information in cells?
Which nucleic acid is responsible for carrying genetic information in cells?
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Which component of a nucleotide differentiates DNA from RNA?
Which component of a nucleotide differentiates DNA from RNA?
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What defines a polymer in biochemistry?
What defines a polymer in biochemistry?
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Which function of proteins is primarily exemplified by antibodies?
Which function of proteins is primarily exemplified by antibodies?
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How many different amino acids are generally used by organisms to make proteins?
How many different amino acids are generally used by organisms to make proteins?
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What type of carbohydrates are formed by the covalent bonding of two monosaccharides?
What type of carbohydrates are formed by the covalent bonding of two monosaccharides?
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Which of the following compounds is primarily used by animals for energy storage?
Which of the following compounds is primarily used by animals for energy storage?
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What characterizes unsaturated fatty acids compared to saturated ones?
What characterizes unsaturated fatty acids compared to saturated ones?
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What type of lipid includes cholesterol and hormones?
What type of lipid includes cholesterol and hormones?
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Which of the following organic compounds does not primarily serve as an energy source?
Which of the following organic compounds does not primarily serve as an energy source?
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What distinguishes the different amino acids from each other?
What distinguishes the different amino acids from each other?
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Which of the following statements about proteins is true?
Which of the following statements about proteins is true?
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What is the primary function of enzymes within living organisms?
What is the primary function of enzymes within living organisms?
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What does the term 'dehydration synthesis' refer to in biochemical processes?
What does the term 'dehydration synthesis' refer to in biochemical processes?
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Which of the following components is found in nucleic acids but not in proteins?
Which of the following components is found in nucleic acids but not in proteins?
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Study Notes
Organic Chemistry
- Organic chemistry studies organic compounds, which contain carbon.
- Many naturally occurring compounds are organic.
- Carbon readily bonds with other atoms due to its structure.
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (1:2:1 ratio).
- Sugars and starches are examples.
- Living organisms use carbohydrates for energy and structural support.
- Monosaccharides: Simple sugars like glucose and fructose.
- Disaccharides: Two monosaccharides bonded together (e.g., sucrose = glucose + fructose).
- Polysaccharides: Large polymers of linked monosaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose).
Lipids
- Lipids include fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.
- Generally composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, often with a higher proportion of C and H compared to carbohydrates.
- Fats: Compounds of glycerol and 3 fatty acids.
- Fatty acids consist of a chain of carbon atoms with an acid group at one end, their structure determining fat characteristics.
- Fats are used for energy storage and insulation.
- Phospholipids: Lipids with phosphorus, a major component of cell membranes.
- Steroids: Lipids with four linked carbon rings (e.g., cholesterol, hormones).
- Waxes: Organic compounds formed from fatty acids and alcohols.
Proteins
- Proteins are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
- Essential for various functions in living organisms.
- Amino Acids: Building blocks of proteins, each with a unique side group.
- Twenty different amino acids are used in protein synthesis.
- Peptide Bonds: Covalent bonds that link amino acids together.
- Proteins have numerous functions: structure (collagen), movement (actin/myosin), control of reactions (enzymes), transport, storage, and regulation.
Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids are large, complex molecules with C, H, O, N, and P.
- They are the genetic material (DNA and RNA).
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) store and transmit genetic information.
- Carbon atoms form a base for various configurations that are linear, branched or cyclic.
- Monomers (smaller compounds) link to make polymers (larger compounds).
- Organic compounds form long polymers using monomers like amino acids, sugars, and nucleic acids.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of organic chemistry, including the study of organic compounds, carbohydrates, and lipids. Learn about the structure and function of these essential biomolecules and their significance in living organisms. This quiz covers key concepts that are foundational in understanding organic chemistry.
