5 Questions
What is liquid-liquid extraction, and what is the basis of separation in this process?
Liquid-liquid extraction is a separation process consisting of the transfer of a solute from one solvent to another, with the two solvents being immiscible. The separation is based on the different solubilities of the substances in different liquids.
What are the advantages of liquid-liquid extraction?
The advantages of liquid-liquid extraction are simplicity, low cost, and suitability for thermally labile and high-boiling compounds.
What is the principle behind the formation of two immiscible layers in liquid-liquid extraction?
The principle is that an organic solvent is added to the aqueous solution containing solutes, and the two immiscible layers are formed after shaking and settling.
How would you separate a mixture of an organic compound A and an inorganic salt B using liquid-liquid extraction?
Add an organic solvent like ether to the mixture, shake and settle to form two layers, and then separate the layers. Compound A will be in the ether layer, and compound B will be in the water layer.
What type of liquids can be separated using a separation funnel?
Immiscible liquids can be separated using a separation funnel.
Study Notes
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
- Liquid-liquid extraction is a separation process that involves the transfer of a solute from one solvent to another, where the two solvents are immiscible.
- Separation is achieved based on the different solubilities of solutes in different liquids.
- The process involves transferring substances from the original solution to another liquid solution, resulting in separation.
Advantages
- Simple to perform
- Low cost
- Suitable for thermally labile and high-boiling compounds
Disadvantages
- Time-consuming process
- Tedious to perform
- May have environmental concerns
Liquid-Liquid Extraction Principles
- An organic solvent is added to an aqueous solution containing solutes, forming two immiscible layers.
- The layers are mixed by shaking, and then allowed to separate for a few minutes.
- The two immiscible layers can then be separated.
Separation of Liquids
- Immiscible liquids can be separated using a separation funnel.
- A mixture of an organic compound (A) and an inorganic salt (B) can be separated using liquid-liquid extraction.
- Steps for separation:
- Add ether to the mixture, allowing compound A to dissolve in the ether layer.
- Allow the mixture to separate, resulting in two immiscible layers.
- Separate the ether layer containing compound A from the water layer containing compound B.
Learn about liquid-liquid extraction, a separation process that transfers solutes from one solvent to another based on their different solubilities. This concept is crucial in Organic Chemistry II, Semester 2, Week 2.
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