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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of liquid-liquid extraction?
Which apparatus is typically used for liquid-liquid extraction in the laboratory?
What type of compounds are usually extracted using liquid-liquid extraction?
What reduces the electrostatic interactions between the solute and water in liquid-liquid extraction?
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In liquid-liquid extraction, what is the basic requirement for a solute to be extractable from an aqueous solution to an organic solvent?
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What is the basic principle of solvent extraction?
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What does the partition coefficient (K) or distribution constant (KD) measure?
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What properties must the organic solvent pair have in liquid-liquid extraction (LLE)?
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What is the aim of the experiment described in the text?
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What is the purpose of adding H2SO4 and KI to the CCl4 layer in the procedure?
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How is the partition coefficient (KD) related to the solubility of a solute in two immiscible solvents?
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What are the essential properties of the organic solvent used in liquid-liquid extraction (LLE)?
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What is the aim of determining the partition coefficient (KD) of I2 between water and CCl4 solvents?
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What is the procedure to determine the partition coefficient (KD) of I2 between water and CCl4 solvents?
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How can you predict whether a solute is more soluble in the aqueous (aq) or organic (org) phase?
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What is the purpose of using a separatory funnel in liquid-liquid extraction?
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What type of compounds are typically extracted using liquid-liquid extraction?
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What is the role of charge neutrality in the extractability of a solute in liquid-liquid extraction?
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What is the aim of using H2SO4 and KI in the CCl4 layer in the procedure?
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What properties must the organic solvent pair have in liquid-liquid extraction?
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Study Notes
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
- The purpose of liquid-liquid extraction is to separate and purify compounds based on their differences in solubility in two immiscible solvents.
Apparatus and Procedure
- A separatory funnel is typically used for liquid-liquid extraction in the laboratory.
- H2SO4 and KI are added to the CCl4 layer to increase the solvent's extracting power.
Extractable Compounds
- Typically, non-polar and slightly polar compounds are extracted using liquid-liquid extraction.
- Compounds with reduced electrostatic interactions with water, such as salts and ionic compounds, are more easily extracted.
Partition Coefficient (KD) and Solubility
- The partition coefficient (KD) measures the ratio of a solute's concentration in the organic solvent to its concentration in water.
- A high KD indicates the solute is more soluble in the organic solvent, while a low KD indicates it is more soluble in water.
- The partition coefficient is related to the solubility of a solute in two immiscible solvents.
Properties of Organic Solvents
- The organic solvent pair must have the following properties: immiscibility with water, high solubility for the analyte, and a density difference with water.
Aim and Purpose
- The aim of determining the partition coefficient (KD) is to understand the extractability of a solute from an aqueous solution to an organic solvent.
- The purpose of liquid-liquid extraction is to separate and purify compounds based on their solubility differences in two immiscible solvents.
Solute Extractability
- A solute is extractable from an aqueous solution to an organic solvent if it has lower electrostatic interactions with water, such as salts and ionic compounds.
- Charge neutrality plays a role in the extractability of a solute in liquid-liquid extraction.
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Description
This quiz covers the experiment on determining the partition coefficient of iodine between water and carbon tetrachloride using liquid-liquid extraction. It includes the concepts and procedures involved in this separation technique.