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Questions and Answers
What is the family name?
What is the family name?
alkanes
What should you call cyclic hydrocarbons made up of just single bonds?
What should you call cyclic hydrocarbons made up of just single bonds?
Cycloalkanes
What should you call a molecule with two C=Cs?
What should you call a molecule with two C=Cs?
Diene
Why are short-chain alcohols so soluble in water?
Why are short-chain alcohols so soluble in water?
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The C₆H₅- group has a special name. What is it?
The C₆H₅- group has a special name. What is it?
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Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to form ...?
Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to form ...?
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Ketones cannot easily be oxidised. Why not?
Ketones cannot easily be oxidised. Why not?
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Write an equation showing how ethanoic acid can act as a (weak) acid.
Write an equation showing how ethanoic acid can act as a (weak) acid.
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This ester can be made by reacting ethanoic acid with an alcohol. Name the alcohol, and name the ester.
This ester can be made by reacting ethanoic acid with an alcohol. Name the alcohol, and name the ester.
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Why do ethers have much lower boiling points than their isomeric alcohols?
Why do ethers have much lower boiling points than their isomeric alcohols?
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What family does it belong to? (1)
What family does it belong to? (1)
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Spot both the functional groups (1)
Spot both the functional groups (1)
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Spot all three functional groups (2)
Spot all three functional groups (2)
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Study Notes
Functional Groups
- Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for characteristic chemical reactions.
- Different families of organic compounds are defined by these groups
Alkanes
- Composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms
- All bonds are single bonds
- Example: A molecule with four carbon atoms, methane (CH₄)
- The chemical formula for an alkane with n carbon atoms is CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
Alkenes
- Contains a carbon-carbon double bond
- Only hydrogen and carbon atoms
- Example: A molecule with two carbon atoms in a double-bond.
Cycloalkanes
- Cyclic hydrocarbons; a ring structure
- Only single bonds between carbon atoms
- Example: Cyclohexane (C₆H₁₂)
Alcohols
- Molecules with an -OH group.
- Classified as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°) based on the carbon atom to which the -OH group is attached.
- Example: Ethanol (C₂H₅OH), a primary alcohol
Phenols
- Contains an -OH group directly attached to an aromatic ring
- Example: A benzene ring with an -OH group (phenol).
Aldehydes
- Contains a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of the carbon chain
- So, the carbonyl group is next door to a hydrogen atom
- Example: A molecule with two carbon atoms and an aldehyde functional group
- Aldehydes are easily oxidised to form carboxylic acids
Ketones
- Contains a carbonyl group (C=O) that is not at the end of the carbon chain
- It is directly adjacent to two carbons
- Example: A molecule with three carbon atoms and a ketone functional group
Carboxylic Acids
- Contains two oxygens (O)
- Has an O-H and a C=O group on the same carbon
- This -COOH group must be at the end of the carbon chain
- Example: Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH)
Esters
- Contains two oxygens (O)
- One oxygen is part of a C=O bond
- The other oxygen is next door and "sandwiched" between two carbon atoms
- Example: Methyl ethanoate
Ethers
- Contains one oxygen (O) that sits between two carbon atoms (sandwiched)
- Does not contain -OH or C=O groups -Example: A molecule with two carbon atoms and an ether functional group
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Description
Test your knowledge on functional groups in organic chemistry. This quiz covers alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes, alcohols, and phenols, highlighting their structures and properties. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of organic compounds.
