Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry
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Questions and Answers

Match the following functional groups with their properties:

Hydroxyl = Nonpolar, contributes to gene regulation Carbonyl = Polar, can act as an acid Amino = Polar, can act as a base Carboxyl = Polar, helps form H-bonds

Match the following functional groups with their associated molecules:

Phosphate = Nucleic acids, some lipids Methyl = Proteins Sulfhydryl = Carbohydrates, lipids Carboxyl = Nucleic acids

Match the following structures with their functional groups:

C(=O)OH = Amino O-P(=O)(OH)2 = Phosphate O-H = Hydroxyl S-H = Methyl

Match the following functional groups with their typical polarities:

<p>Hydroxyl = Nonpolar Phosphate = Polar Methyl = Polar Amino = Nonpolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following functional groups with their role in molecules:

<p>Carboxyl = Energy transfer Hydroxyl = Protein 3D shape Amino = Can act as an acid Phosphate = Gene regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Functional Groups

  • Hydroxyl:

    • Structure: R-OH
    • Property: Polar, helps form hydrogen bonds
    • Associated Molecules: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
  • Carbonyl:

    • Structure: R-C=O-R'
    • Property: Polar
    • Associated Molecules: Carbohydrates
  • Carboxyl:

    • Structure: R-C(=O)OH
    • Property: Polar, can act as an acid
    • Associated Molecules: Proteins, lipids
  • Amino:

    • Structure: R-NH₂
    • Property: Polar, can act as a base
    • Associated Molecules: Proteins
  • Phosphate:

    • Structure: R-OPO₃²⁻
    • Property: Polar, contributes to energy transfer
    • Associated Molecules: Nucleic acids, some lipids
  • Methyl:

    • Structure: R-CH₃
    • Property: Nonpolar, contributes to gene regulation
    • Associated Molecules: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
  • Sulfhydryl:

    • Structure: R-SH
    • Property: Polar, contributes to protein 3D shape
    • Associated Molecules: Proteins

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Description

Explore the key functional groups in organic chemistry, including their structures, properties, and associated molecules. This quiz will test your knowledge of hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, methyl, and sulfhydryl groups. Perfect for students studying organic compounds!

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