40 Questions
What is the common name for the alkane with the structure CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃?
Hexane
What is the result of hydrolysis of Grignard reagent?
Formation of alkane
Which of the following is an example of an alkyl lithium compound?
Methyllithium
What is the product of the reaction between an alkane and a halogen at high temperature?
Alkyl halide
What is the result of pyrolysis of an alkane?
Formation of an alkene and a smaller alkane
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH₂n
What is the primary characteristic of carbon atoms in organic chemistry?
Ability to form four covalent bonds
What is the definition of organic chemistry?
The study of carbon-containing compounds and their derivatives
What is the type of reaction that occurs when an alkane is burned in air?
Combustion
What is the basis of organic chemistry?
The ability of carbon to form chains and multiple bonds
What is the name of the type of reaction that involves the substitution of a halogen atom for a hydrogen atom in an alkane?
Substitution
What is the name of the rule that describes the aromaticity of benzene?
Huckel rule
What is the name of the structure of benzene that is commonly used to represent it?
Kekule structure
What is the term for the study of the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules?
Stereochemistry
What is the term for the compounds that contain a ring of atoms?
Cyclic compounds
What is the name of the exam that is typically taken at the midpoint of an organic chemistry course?
Midterm exam
What is the functional group in alkenes?
double bond
What is the correct way to number the longest continuous chain in IUPAC nomenclature of alkenes?
in a direction that gives the lowest possible number
What is the parent name of the compound CH₃CH₂CH₂CH=CHCH₂CH₃?
hexene
How are substituents cited in IUPAC nomenclature of alkenes?
in alphabetical order
What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound CH₃CH₂C(CH₃)CH=CH₂?
2-methyl-1-butene
How are cyclic alkenes numbered in IUPAC nomenclature?
the double bond is between carbons 1 and 2
What is the common name for the compound CH₂=CH₂?
ethylene
Which of the following allyl groups is acceptable in IUPAC nomenclature?
all of the above
What is the common name of the compound HC=CHCl?
Vinyl chloride
What type of diene has two double bonds separated by one or more sp3-hybridization carbon atoms?
Isolated diene
What is the name of the process that involves the removal of a halogen atom from an alkyl halide to form an alkene?
Dehydrohalogenation
What is the catalyst used in the reduction of alkynes to cis-alkenes?
Lindlar catalyst
What is the name of the compound CH2=CHCH2Br?
Bromopropene
What type of diene has two double bonds connected to each other by a single bond?
Conjugated diene
What is the product of the dehydrohalogenation reaction of CH3CH2Cl with KOH?
Ethene
What is the type of reaction that alkenes undergo with hydrogen atoms?
Addition reaction
What type of reaction occurs in the addition of halogen halides to alkenes?
Addition
What is the general formula for alkynes?
CnH2n-2
What is the functional group in alkynes?
Triple bond
How are substituents cited in the IUPAC name of an alkyne?
In alphabetical order with a designation of the carbon atom
What is the reaction type in the hydroboration-oxidation of alkenes?
Addition
What is the name of the reaction in which water is added to an alkene?
Hydration
What is the reactant that is used to prepare alkynes?
Alkyl dihalides
What is the commercial source of borane?
Both ether and THF
Study Notes
Organic Chemistry
- Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain carbon atoms.
- It is based on the properties of carbon atoms, which have a valency of 4 and can form chains, branches, and multiple bonds.
Classes of Organic Compounds
- Alkanes: saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds between carbon atoms.
- Alkenes: unsaturated hydrocarbons with double bonds between carbon atoms.
- Alkynes: unsaturated hydrocarbons with triple bonds between carbon atoms.
- Alkyl halides: halogen-substituted alkanes.
- Alcohols: hydroxyl-functionalized alkanes.
- Ethers: oxygen-functionalized alkanes.
- Aldehydes and ketones: carbonyl-functionalized alkanes.
- Carboxylic acids: carboxyl-functionalized alkanes.
- Esters: carboxyl-functionalized alkanes with an alkyl group.
- Amines: nitrogen-functionalized alkanes.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons: planar, ring-shaped hydrocarbons with delocalized electrons.
Alkanes
- General formula: CnH2n+2
- Examples: methane (CH4), propane (C3H8), butane (C4H10)
- Preparation:
- Reduction of alkyl halides
- Coupling of alkyl halides with organometallic compounds
- Reactions:
- Halogenation (substitution)
- Cracking (pyrolysis)
- Combustion (addition of oxygen)
Alkenes
- General formula: CnH2n
- Examples: ethene (C2H4), propene (C3H6), butene (C4H8)
- Functional group: double bond
- Nomenclature:
- IUPAC names: based on the longest continuous chain containing the functional group
- Common names: based on the alkyl group and the functional group
- Preparation:
- Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides
- Reduction of alkynes
- Reactions:
- Addition of halogen halides (Markovnikov addition)
- Addition of sulphuric acid
- Addition of water (hydration)
- Hydroxylation
- Hydroboration-oxidation
Alkynes
- General formula: CnH2n-2
- Examples: ethyne (C2H2), propyne (C3H4), butyne (C4H6)
- Functional group: triple bond
- Nomenclature:
- IUPAC names: based on the longest continuous chain containing the functional group
- Common names: based on the alkyl group and the functional group
- Preparation:
- Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl dihalides
- Reactions:
- Addition of halogen halides
- Addition of sulphuric acid
- Addition of water (hydration)
- Hydroxylation
- Hydroboration-oxidation
This quiz covers the basics of organic chemistry, including classes of organic compounds, properties, and reactions of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
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