Organic Chemistry Class
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Questions and Answers

What is the common name for the alkane with the structure CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃?

  • Butane
  • Pentane
  • Propane
  • Hexane (correct)

    • What is the result of hydrolysis of Grignard reagent?

  • Formation of alkene
  • Formation of alkyl halide
  • Formation of organometallic compound
  • Formation of alkane (correct)

    • Which of the following is an example of an alkyl lithium compound?

  • Methyllithium (correct)
  • Copper(I) chloride
  • Lithium dimethylcopper
  • Methylmagnesium bromide

    • What is the product of the reaction between an alkane and a halogen at high temperature?

    <p>Alkyl halide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of pyrolysis of an alkane?

    <p>Formation of an alkene and a smaller alkane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for alkenes?

    <p>CnH₂n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of carbon atoms in organic chemistry?

    <p>Ability to form four covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of organic chemistry?

    <p>The study of carbon-containing compounds and their derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of reaction that occurs when an alkane is burned in air?

    <p>Combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of organic chemistry?

    <p>The ability of carbon to form chains and multiple bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the type of reaction that involves the substitution of a halogen atom for a hydrogen atom in an alkane?

    <p>Substitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the rule that describes the aromaticity of benzene?

    <p>Huckel rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure of benzene that is commonly used to represent it?

    <p>Kekule structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules?

    <p>Stereochemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the compounds that contain a ring of atoms?

    <p>Cyclic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the exam that is typically taken at the midpoint of an organic chemistry course?

    <p>Midterm exam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional group in alkenes?

    <p>double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to number the longest continuous chain in IUPAC nomenclature of alkenes?

    <p>in a direction that gives the lowest possible number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the parent name of the compound CH₃CH₂CH₂CH=CHCH₂CH₃?

    <p>hexene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are substituents cited in IUPAC nomenclature of alkenes?

    <p>in alphabetical order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound CH₃CH₂C(CH₃)CH=CH₂?

    <p>2-methyl-1-butene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are cyclic alkenes numbered in IUPAC nomenclature?

    <p>the double bond is between carbons 1 and 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for the compound CH₂=CH₂?

    <p>ethylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following allyl groups is acceptable in IUPAC nomenclature?

    <p>all of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name of the compound HC=CHCl?

    <p>Vinyl chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diene has two double bonds separated by one or more sp3-hybridization carbon atoms?

    <p>Isolated diene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process that involves the removal of a halogen atom from an alkyl halide to form an alkene?

    <p>Dehydrohalogenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the catalyst used in the reduction of alkynes to cis-alkenes?

    <p>Lindlar catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the compound CH2=CHCH2Br?

    <p>Bromopropene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diene has two double bonds connected to each other by a single bond?

    <p>Conjugated diene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the dehydrohalogenation reaction of CH3CH2Cl with KOH?

    <p>Ethene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of reaction that alkenes undergo with hydrogen atoms?

    <p>Addition reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction occurs in the addition of halogen halides to alkenes?

    <p>Addition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for alkynes?

    <p>CnH2n-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional group in alkynes?

    <p>Triple bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are substituents cited in the IUPAC name of an alkyne?

    <p>In alphabetical order with a designation of the carbon atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction type in the hydroboration-oxidation of alkenes?

    <p>Addition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the reaction in which water is added to an alkene?

    <p>Hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reactant that is used to prepare alkynes?

    <p>Alkyl dihalides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the commercial source of borane?

    <p>Both ether and THF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Organic Chemistry

    • Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain carbon atoms.
    • It is based on the properties of carbon atoms, which have a valency of 4 and can form chains, branches, and multiple bonds.

    Classes of Organic Compounds

    • Alkanes: saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds between carbon atoms.
    • Alkenes: unsaturated hydrocarbons with double bonds between carbon atoms.
    • Alkynes: unsaturated hydrocarbons with triple bonds between carbon atoms.
    • Alkyl halides: halogen-substituted alkanes.
    • Alcohols: hydroxyl-functionalized alkanes.
    • Ethers: oxygen-functionalized alkanes.
    • Aldehydes and ketones: carbonyl-functionalized alkanes.
    • Carboxylic acids: carboxyl-functionalized alkanes.
    • Esters: carboxyl-functionalized alkanes with an alkyl group.
    • Amines: nitrogen-functionalized alkanes.
    • Aromatic hydrocarbons: planar, ring-shaped hydrocarbons with delocalized electrons.

    Alkanes

    • General formula: CnH2n+2
    • Examples: methane (CH4), propane (C3H8), butane (C4H10)
    • Preparation:
      • Reduction of alkyl halides
      • Coupling of alkyl halides with organometallic compounds
    • Reactions:
      • Halogenation (substitution)
      • Cracking (pyrolysis)
      • Combustion (addition of oxygen)

    Alkenes

    • General formula: CnH2n
    • Examples: ethene (C2H4), propene (C3H6), butene (C4H8)
    • Functional group: double bond
    • Nomenclature:
      • IUPAC names: based on the longest continuous chain containing the functional group
      • Common names: based on the alkyl group and the functional group
    • Preparation:
      • Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides
      • Reduction of alkynes
    • Reactions:
      • Addition of halogen halides (Markovnikov addition)
      • Addition of sulphuric acid
      • Addition of water (hydration)
      • Hydroxylation
      • Hydroboration-oxidation

    Alkynes

    • General formula: CnH2n-2
    • Examples: ethyne (C2H2), propyne (C3H4), butyne (C4H6)
    • Functional group: triple bond
    • Nomenclature:
      • IUPAC names: based on the longest continuous chain containing the functional group
      • Common names: based on the alkyl group and the functional group
    • Preparation:
      • Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl dihalides
    • Reactions:
      • Addition of halogen halides
      • Addition of sulphuric acid
      • Addition of water (hydration)
      • Hydroxylation
      • Hydroboration-oxidation

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of organic chemistry, including classes of organic compounds, properties, and reactions of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

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