Organic Chemistry Chapter 1

What is the primary purpose of hybrid atomic orbitals?

To define the geometry of the bonds (correct)
To determine the electronegativity of an atom
To identify the central atom in a molecule
To show the actual bonding order of atoms

In a condensed structural formula, what is often listed after the central atom?

The atoms that are bonded to it (correct)
Non-bonding electrons
The electronegativity of the central atom
The bond angles of the molecule

In a line-angle formula, what is assumed to be present wherever two lines meet or a line begins or ends?

Nitrogen atoms
Carbon atoms (correct)
Hydrogen atoms
Oxygen atoms

What is rarely shown in a line-angle formula?

Non-bonding electrons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of hybridization leads to a bond angle of 90° in a molecule?

No hybridization (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of bonds that each carbon atom is assumed to have in a line-angle formula?

4 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for life on Earth, according to the special properties of carbon?

Forming strong bonds to other carbon atoms and to a wide variety of other elements (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the difference in electronegativity values of atoms between 0.4 and 1.7 or 2.0?

Polar covalent bond (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of formal charges in Lewis structures?

To keep track of electrons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a resonance-stabilized cation?

The positive charge is delocalized over multiple atoms (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criteria for drawing realistic resonance structures?

The maximum number of octets (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of structural formulas in organic chemistry?

To show which atoms are bonded to which (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the octet rule in bond formation?

Atoms transfer or share electrons in such a way as to attain a filled shell (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a covalent bond in organic compounds?

Electrons are shared (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the electronegativity scale in bond polarity?

To determine the attraction of atoms for bonding electrons (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for the classification of bonds as ionic or covalent?

The difference in electronegativity values of atoms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of hybridization does the carbon atom exhibit in ethylene (C2H4)?

sp2 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the bond angle for the carbon atoms in acetylene (C2H2)?

180° (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the hybridization of the oxygen atom in acetaldehyde (CH3CHO)?

sp2 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed by the overlap of the unhybridized p orbitals on carbon and oxygen in acetaldehyde (CH3CHO)?

π bond (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the bond angle for the carbon atoms in but-2-ene (CH3CH=CHCH3)?

120° (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in acetonitrile (CH3CN)?

sp2 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the unhybridized p orbital on nitrogen in acetonitrile (CH3CN)?

It forms a π bond (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the shorthand notation used in drawing three-dimensional molecules?

To simplify three-dimensional drawings (D) Signup and view all the answers