Organic Chemistry Chapter 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of hybrid atomic orbitals?

  • To define the geometry of the bonds (correct)
  • To determine the electronegativity of an atom
  • To identify the central atom in a molecule
  • To show the actual bonding order of atoms

    • In a condensed structural formula, what is often listed after the central atom?

  • The atoms that are bonded to it (correct)
  • Non-bonding electrons
  • The electronegativity of the central atom
  • The bond angles of the molecule

    • In a line-angle formula, what is assumed to be present wherever two lines meet or a line begins or ends?

  • Nitrogen atoms
  • Carbon atoms (correct)
  • Hydrogen atoms
  • Oxygen atoms

    • What is rarely shown in a line-angle formula?

    <p>Non-bonding electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hybridization leads to a bond angle of 90° in a molecule?

    <p>No hybridization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of bonds that each carbon atom is assumed to have in a line-angle formula?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for life on Earth, according to the special properties of carbon?

    <p>Forming strong bonds to other carbon atoms and to a wide variety of other elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the difference in electronegativity values of atoms between 0.4 and 1.7 or 2.0?

    <p>Polar covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of formal charges in Lewis structures?

    <p>To keep track of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a resonance-stabilized cation?

    <p>The positive charge is delocalized over multiple atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criteria for drawing realistic resonance structures?

    <p>The maximum number of octets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of structural formulas in organic chemistry?

    <p>To show which atoms are bonded to which</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the octet rule in bond formation?

    <p>Atoms transfer or share electrons in such a way as to attain a filled shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a covalent bond in organic compounds?

    <p>Electrons are shared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the electronegativity scale in bond polarity?

    <p>To determine the attraction of atoms for bonding electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for the classification of bonds as ionic or covalent?

    <p>The difference in electronegativity values of atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hybridization does the carbon atom exhibit in ethylene (C2H4)?

    <p>sp2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bond angle for the carbon atoms in acetylene (C2H2)?

    <p>180°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hybridization of the oxygen atom in acetaldehyde (CH3CHO)?

    <p>sp2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed by the overlap of the unhybridized p orbitals on carbon and oxygen in acetaldehyde (CH3CHO)?

    <p>π bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bond angle for the carbon atoms in but-2-ene (CH3CH=CHCH3)?

    <p>120°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in acetonitrile (CH3CN)?

    <p>sp2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the unhybridized p orbital on nitrogen in acetonitrile (CH3CN)?

    <p>It forms a π bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the shorthand notation used in drawing three-dimensional molecules?

    <p>To simplify three-dimensional drawings</p> Signup and view all the answers

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