24 Questions
What is the primary purpose of hybrid atomic orbitals?
To define the geometry of the bonds
In a condensed structural formula, what is often listed after the central atom?
The atoms that are bonded to it
In a line-angle formula, what is assumed to be present wherever two lines meet or a line begins or ends?
Carbon atoms
What is rarely shown in a line-angle formula?
Non-bonding electrons
What type of hybridization leads to a bond angle of 90° in a molecule?
No hybridization
What is the total number of bonds that each carbon atom is assumed to have in a line-angle formula?
4
What is the basis for life on Earth, according to the special properties of carbon?
Forming strong bonds to other carbon atoms and to a wide variety of other elements
What is the result of the difference in electronegativity values of atoms between 0.4 and 1.7 or 2.0?
Polar covalent bond
What is the purpose of formal charges in Lewis structures?
To keep track of electrons
What is the characteristic of a resonance-stabilized cation?
The positive charge is delocalized over multiple atoms
What is the main criteria for drawing realistic resonance structures?
The maximum number of octets
What is the purpose of structural formulas in organic chemistry?
To show which atoms are bonded to which
What is the result of the octet rule in bond formation?
Atoms transfer or share electrons in such a way as to attain a filled shell
What is the characteristic of a covalent bond in organic compounds?
Electrons are shared
What is the purpose of the electronegativity scale in bond polarity?
To determine the attraction of atoms for bonding electrons
What is the basis for the classification of bonds as ionic or covalent?
The difference in electronegativity values of atoms
What type of hybridization does the carbon atom exhibit in ethylene (C2H4)?
sp2
What is the bond angle for the carbon atoms in acetylene (C2H2)?
180°
What is the hybridization of the oxygen atom in acetaldehyde (CH3CHO)?
sp2
What type of bond is formed by the overlap of the unhybridized p orbitals on carbon and oxygen in acetaldehyde (CH3CHO)?
π bond
What is the bond angle for the carbon atoms in but-2-ene (CH3CH=CHCH3)?
120°
What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in acetonitrile (CH3CN)?
sp2
What is the significance of the unhybridized p orbital on nitrogen in acetonitrile (CH3CN)?
It forms a π bond
What is the purpose of the shorthand notation used in drawing three-dimensional molecules?
To simplify three-dimensional drawings
Introduction to organic chemistry, covering the basics of carbon compounds, their importance in life on Earth, and structural formulas.
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