Carbon Compounds in Organic Chemistry

The four major groups of macromolecules found in living things are ______, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.

The monomers in starch polymers are ______ molecules.

The breakdown of ______, such as glucose, supplies immediate energy for cell activities.

Ordinary table sugar, ______, consists of glucose and fructose.

Plants use a slightly different polysaccharide, called ______, to store excess sugar.

Carbon atoms have four ______ electrons, allowing them to form strong covalent bonds with many other elements.

Carbon can bond with many elements, including ______, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen to form the molecules of life.

Chains of carbon atoms can even close up on themselves to form ______, as shown in Figure 2-12.

Many of the organic compounds in living cells are so large that they are known as ______, which means 'giant molecules'.

Most macromolecules are formed by a process known as ______, in which large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together.