Organic Chemistry: Carbohydrates and Lipids

The study of carbon-containing compounds, many originating from living things.

Molecules containing carbon.

Organic compounds with C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio; used for energy and structure.

Simple sugars; the simplest carbohydrates.

Two monosaccharides bonded together.

Many monosaccharides linked together, forming large polymers.

Organic compounds including fats, oils, waxes, and steroids; generally C, H, and O.

Chains of carbon atoms with an acid group at one end.

Fatty acids with many hydrogen atoms, typically solid at room temp.

Fatty acids with fewer hydrogen atoms, typically liquid at room temp.

Lipids with phosphorous, key components of cell membranes.

Lipids composed of four linked carbon rings; includes hormones and cholesterol.

Lipids made of fatty acids and alcohols.

The building block of proteins; a compound containing an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a side group that determines its identity.

A covalent bond between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.

Proteins like actin and myosin enable muscle contraction and movement.

Collagen provides structural support to tissues, giving them strength and shape.

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body.

Proteins like hemoglobin carry molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.

Proteins like casein store amino acids for growth in young animals.

Hormones, which are proteins, control growth, development, and metabolism.

Antibodies, which are proteins, help fight off infections and diseases.

Large molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C, H, O, N, P); the genetic material in living organisms.

The process of building larger molecules by removing water molecules.

The process of breaking down larger molecules by adding water.

A large molecule formed by linking many smaller molecules called monomers together.

A small molecule that serves as a building block for a larger molecule called a polymer.

The study of carbon-containing compounds, often from living things.

Organic compounds with C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio, used for energy and structure.

Simple sugars; the simplest carbohydrates.

Two monosaccharides bonded together.

Many monosaccharides linked together, forming large polymers.

Organic compounds including fats, oils, waxes, and steroids; generally C, H, and O.

Chains of carbon atoms with an acid group at one end.

Fatty acids with many hydrogen atoms, typically solid at room temp.

Fatty acids with fewer hydrogen atoms, typically liquid at room temp.

Lipids with phosphorous, key components of cell membranes.

Lipids composed of four linked carbon rings; includes hormones and cholesterol.

Lipids made of fatty acids and alcohols.

Amino acids are the components that combine to form proteins.

An amino acid has an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a unique side chain.

Peptide bonds are covalent bonds that link amino acids together.

Proteins like actin and myosin are crucial for muscle contraction and movement.

Collagen is a protein that provides essential structural support to tissues.

Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions.

Proteins like hemoglobin transport molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Casein stores amino acids for use in growing young animals.

Hormones, which are proteins, control many bodily functions.

Antibodies protect the body against infection.

Large complex molecules like DNA and RNA that contain genetic information

The creation of larger molecules by removing water

The breakdown of larger molecules by adding water

A large molecule composed of repeating small units (monomers)

A small molecule that forms the building blocks of polymers