Organic Chemistry: Alcohols and Functional Groups

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What distinguishes a primary alcohol from secondary and tertiary alcohols?

The number of hydroxyl groups present

The presence of a carbonyl group

The number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon bearing the -OH group (correct)

The overall molecular weight of the compound

What compound classification is indicated by the presence of a -CHO group?

Amide

Ketone

Aldehyde (correct)

Carboxylic Acid

Which of the following correctly describes a carbonyl group?

A C-O group with an attached methyl group

A C=O group bonded to two hydrogen atoms

A C=O group bonded to two carbon groups (correct)

A C=O group bonded to a carbon atom with a hydroxyl group

What functional group characterizes carboxylic acids?

Carboxyl group (-COOH) Signup and view all the answers

How are amines classified?

By the number of hydrogen atoms replaced by carbon groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining feature of carboxylic acids?

Combination of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes an amide?

It replaces the -OH group of a carboxylic acid with an amino group Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes ketones from other carbonyl-containing compounds?

They have a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic functional group of alcohols?

An -OH group attached to a carbon Signup and view all the answers

How are amines differentiated from each other?

According to the number of carbon groups bonded to nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of a carboxylic ester?

-COOR Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an amine?

A compound where hydrogen of ammonia is replaced by carbon groups Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes the hydroxyl group?

An -OH group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom Signup and view all the answers

What defines a carbonyl group in organic chemistry?

A carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom Signup and view all the answers

How are alcohols classified?

By the number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon with the hydroxyl group Signup and view all the answers

What type of functional group is characterized by a nitrogen atom bonded to carbon groups?

Amine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between alcohols and their classification?

Alcohols can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the carbon atoms bonded to the carbon with the -OH group. Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of a carboxylic ester?

It replaces the hydrogen of the carboxyl group with a carbon group. Signup and view all the answers

Which compound contains a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon groups?

Ketone Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the carboxyl group in organic chemistry?

A carbonyl group attached to a hydroxyl group. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of alcohol is characterized by having only one carbon atom bonded to the carbon bearing the -OH group?

Primary alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinction of ketones compared to aldehydes in terms of their structural features?

Ketones are defined by a C=O group bonded to two carbon atoms, whereas aldehydes have a C=O group bonded to a hydrogen. Signup and view all the answers

Which functional group is formed by the combination of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group?

Carboxyl group Signup and view all the answers

In which classification does an organic compound fall if it has an amino group replacing the -OH group of a carboxylic acid?

Amide Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of functional groups in organic chemistry?

They give compounds predictable physical and chemical behaviors. Signup and view all the answers