Organic Chemistry: Alcohols and Functional Groups

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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes a primary alcohol from secondary and tertiary alcohols?

  • The number of hydroxyl groups present
  • The presence of a carbonyl group
  • The number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon bearing the -OH group (correct)
  • The overall molecular weight of the compound

What compound classification is indicated by the presence of a -CHO group?

  • Amide
  • Ketone
  • Aldehyde (correct)
  • Carboxylic Acid

Which of the following correctly describes a carbonyl group?

  • A C-O group with an attached methyl group
  • A C=O group bonded to two hydrogen atoms
  • A C=O group bonded to two carbon groups (correct)
  • A C=O group bonded to a carbon atom with a hydroxyl group

What functional group characterizes carboxylic acids?

<p>Carboxyl group (-COOH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are amines classified?

<p>By the number of hydrogen atoms replaced by carbon groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining feature of carboxylic acids?

<p>Combination of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes an amide?

<p>It replaces the -OH group of a carboxylic acid with an amino group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes ketones from other carbonyl-containing compounds?

<p>They have a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic functional group of alcohols?

<p>An -OH group attached to a carbon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are amines differentiated from each other?

<p>According to the number of carbon groups bonded to nitrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of a carboxylic ester?

<p>-COOR (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an amine?

<p>A compound where hydrogen of ammonia is replaced by carbon groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes the hydroxyl group?

<p>An -OH group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a carbonyl group in organic chemistry?

<p>A carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are alcohols classified?

<p>By the number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon with the hydroxyl group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of functional group is characterized by a nitrogen atom bonded to carbon groups?

<p>Amine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between alcohols and their classification?

<p>Alcohols can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the carbon atoms bonded to the carbon with the -OH group. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of a carboxylic ester?

<p>It replaces the hydrogen of the carboxyl group with a carbon group. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound contains a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon groups?

<p>Ketone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the carboxyl group in organic chemistry?

<p>A carbonyl group attached to a hydroxyl group. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of alcohol is characterized by having only one carbon atom bonded to the carbon bearing the -OH group?

<p>Primary alcohol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinction of ketones compared to aldehydes in terms of their structural features?

<p>Ketones are defined by a C=O group bonded to two carbon atoms, whereas aldehydes have a C=O group bonded to a hydrogen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which functional group is formed by the combination of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group?

<p>Carboxyl group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which classification does an organic compound fall if it has an amino group replacing the -OH group of a carboxylic acid?

<p>Amide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of functional groups in organic chemistry?

<p>They give compounds predictable physical and chemical behaviors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Alcohol

A compound with an -OH group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom.

Functional Group

The specific atoms within a molecule that determine its properties.

Amine Classification

Primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°) based on carbon groups bonded to the nitrogen atom.

Carbonyl Group

A C=O group, a common functional group.

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Carboxylic Acid

A compound containing a -COOH group.

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Alcohol Classification

Categorization of alcohols based on the number of carbon groups connected to the carbon atom with the hydroxyl group.

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Amine Classification

Categorization of amines based on the number of carbon groups attached to the nitrogen atom.

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Carbonyl Group

A carbon-oxygen double bond (C=O), a key functional group in many organic molecules.

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Hydroxyl Group

The functional group consisting of an oxygen atom single-bonded to a hydrogen atom (-OH).

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Aldehyde

A compound with a carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen atom (-CHO).

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Alcohol Classification

Categorizing alcohols based on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon atom with the -OH group.

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Amine Classification

Categorizing amines based on the number of carbon groups attached to the nitrogen atom.

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Carbonyl Group

A carbon-oxygen double bond (C=O), a central functional group for many organic molecules.

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Functional group

A specific group of atoms within a molecule that affects how a molecule behaves chemically.

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Aldehyde

Compound with a carbonyl group (-CHO) that is bonded to a hydrogen; a specific type of carbonyl compound.

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Alcohol Classification

Alcohols are categorized as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°) based on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon atom with the hydroxyl group.

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Amine Classification

Amines are categorized as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°) based on the number of carbon groups attached to the nitrogen atom.

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Carbonyl Group

A functional group characterized by a carbon-oxygen double bond (C=O).

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Aldehyde

An organic compound characterized by a carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen atom (-CHO).

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Functional Group

A specific group of atoms within a molecule that determines its chemical behavior.

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Alcohol Classification

Alcohols are sorted into primary (1°), secondary (2°), and tertiary (3°) based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon with the -OH group.

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Amine Classification

Amines are grouped as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°) depending on the number of carbon groups attached to the nitrogen.

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Carbonyl Group

The C=O group is a key functional group seen in many organic molecules.

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Aldehyde

A carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen (-CHO).

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Functional Group

A special group of atoms in a molecule that determines its chemistry.

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