Organic Chemistry

Study Notes

Organic chemistry originated from alchemy and the search for the philosopher's stone and the elixir of life.
Lavoisier distinguished organic compounds from inorganic ones by identifying the presence of organogenic elements (C, N, O, H) in living organisms.
Wöhler's synthesis of oxalic acid from inorganic materials disproved the theory of vitalism.
There are approximately 4 million known organic compounds, mostly composed of organogenic elements.
Carbon atoms can form up to four strong covalent bonds and can bond with each other to create chains and rings.
Different bonding arrangements of carbon atoms can result in isomers, which have the same molecular formula but different structures.
Heteroatoms (O, N, P, S, halogens) can also participate in molecular formation with carbon and hydrogen in organic compounds.
Many drugs and dyes are synthesized from natural compounds.
Organic compounds are more susceptible to decomposition during experiments than inorganic ones.
Organic chemistry has practical applications in various fields, including medicine and materials science.