Questions and Answers
Name the 18 functional groups
Alkyl halide, Alkene, Alkyne, Alcohol, Ether, Thiol, Sulfide (thioether), Aromatic ring, Ketone, Aldehyde, Carboxylic acid, Acid chloride, Ester, Amide, Amine, Nitrile, Nitro, Acetal
What is an Alkyl Halide?
Alkyl halide
What is an Alkene?
Alkene
What is an Alkyne?
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What is an Alcohol?
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What is an Ether?
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What is a Thiol?
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What is a Sulfide (thioether)?
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What is an Aromatic Ring?
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What is a Ketone?
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What is an Aldehyde?
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What is a Carboxylic Acid?
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What is an Acid Chloride?
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What is an Ester?
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What is an Amide?
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What is an Amine?
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What is a Nitrile?
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What is Nitro?
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What is Acetal?
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What is an Alkane?
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Study Notes
Functional Groups Overview
- Total Functional Groups: 18 distinct functional groups are recognized in organic chemistry.
- Each functional group possesses unique chemical properties and reactivities.
List of Functional Groups
- Alkyl Halide: Organic compounds containing a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) bonded to an alkyl group.
- Alkene: Features at least one double bond between carbon atoms; general formula CnH2n.
- Alkyne: Contains at least one triple bond between carbon atoms; general formula CnH2n-2.
- Alcohol: Characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a carbon atom.
- Ether: Composed of an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups (R-O-R').
- Thiol: Contains a sulfur atom with a hydrogen atom (-SH) attached, analogous to alcohols.
- Sulfide (Thioether): Similar to ethers but with sulfur instead of oxygen (R-S-R').
- Aromatic Ring: Contains alternating single and double bonds in a cyclic structure, typically benzene.
- Ketone: Features a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, usually at the middle of the carbon skeleton.
- Aldehyde: Contains a carbonyl group with at least one hydrogen atom attached; found at the end of a carbon chain.
- Carboxylic Acid: Characterized by a carboxyl group (-COOH), making it acidic.
- Acid Chloride: Contains a carbonyl group bonded to a chlorine atom, reactive in acyl substitution reactions.
- Ester: Formed from the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid; characterized by the RCOOR' structure.
- Amide: Contains a carbonyl group attached to a nitrogen atom; derivatives of carboxylic acids.
- Amine: Composed of nitrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms or hydrogen; classified based on the number of carbon groups attached.
- Nitrile: Contains a cyano group (-C≡N), characterized by a carbon triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom.
- Nitro: Contains a nitro group (-NO2), typically attached to an aromatic ring or aliphatic carbon.
- Acetal: Formed from the reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with two alcohol molecules, both -O must be bonded to the same carbon.
Additional Notes
- Alkane: Saturated hydrocarbons with single carbon-carbon bonds; no functional groups, general formula CnH2n+2.
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Description
Test your knowledge of functional groups in Organic Chemistry with this quiz! You'll be challenged to name and define various functional groups, such as alkyl halides, alcohols, and carboxylic acids. Perfect for students mastering organic chemistry concepts!
