Oral Surgery Lec. 2: Exodontia Overview

Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of preventive extraction during the mixed dentition period?

To facilitate growth of permanent teeth

To enhance dental aesthetics

To reduce the risk of cavities

To prevent malocclusion (correct)

When is tooth extraction indicated to provide efficient dental prosthesis?

When the tooth is strategically important

When teeth are in perfect alignment

When other teeth need to be adjusted for partial dentures (correct)

When teeth are excessively decayed

What may be a consequence of retaining impacted teeth?

Facial pain and periodontal problems (correct)

Enhanced aesthetic appearance

Less risk of dental infections

Improved dental hygiene

Supernumerary teeth can cause which of the following issues?

Crowding and malocclusion Signup and view all the answers

When should a tooth in the line of jaw fracture be extracted?

If it interferes with healing of the fracture Signup and view all the answers

Which pathological condition may necessitate tooth extraction?

Cyst formation Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible impact of retaining un-erupted teeth beyond the normal time of eruption?

Significant infection such as pericoronitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason for extracting teeth related to neoplasms?

To remove infected tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of exodontia?

Painless removal of teeth from their bony alveolar socket Signup and view all the answers

Which type of extraction involves the use of forceps and elevators?

Intra-alveolar extraction Signup and view all the answers

What might necessitate the extraction of a tooth?

Severe caries that are beyond restoration Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in trans-alveolar extraction?

Dissecting the tooth from its bony attachment Signup and view all the answers

Why is it encouraged to preserve teeth in modern dentistry?

To maintain function and aesthetics of dentition Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition should retained root fragments be removed?

When they are involved in initiating bony lesions Signup and view all the answers

Why should teeth be extracted prior to radiotherapy?

To prevent osteoradionecrosis of the jaw bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between intra-alveolar and trans-alveolar extraction?

The approach to tooth removal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an indication for tooth extraction?

Maintaining dental aesthetics Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of tooth extraction just before irradiation?

Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal when performing an exodontia procedure?

To minimize trauma to surrounding tissues Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario should a tooth associated with periapical pathology be extracted?

Prior to heart valve replacement surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial factor in successful extraction practice?

Pre-extraction evaluation Signup and view all the answers

What factors may indicate that a tooth should be extracted due to aesthetic reasons?

Severe staining and enamel hypoplasia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the clinical preoperative evaluation?

Radiological assessment Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with very small retained root fragments?

They may be left alone with periodic observation Signup and view all the answers

Which local factor should be assessed during a pre-extraction evaluation?

Condition of the tooth Signup and view all the answers

What may necessitate a surgical extraction instead of a standard one?

Position of the tooth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common reason for tooth extraction related to focal sepsis?

Clinical soundness but with radiographic issues Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom if root fragments are close to the neurovascular bundle?

Facial pain or numbness Signup and view all the answers

What type of patients would require special consideration during extraction due to bleeding disorders?

Patients on anticoagulants Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indicator of severe periodontal disease?

Greater than normal tooth mobility Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the general evaluation of a patient before extraction?

General diseases history Signup and view all the answers

Which condition does NOT affect the position of the tooth for extraction?

Historical dental anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What condition leads to difficult extraction due to hypercementosis and ankylosis of the roots?

Osteitis deformans Signup and view all the answers

What complication may arise from the extraction of an impacted lower third molar?

Oro-antral fistula Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by multiple impactions and can mimic anodontia?

Cleido-cranial dysostosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of osteoradionecrosis in patients with jaw irradiation?

Difficulty in extractions Signup and view all the answers

What does hypercementosis of roots typically indicate?

A predisposition to difficult extractions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following abnormalities can be revealed through careful radiographic interpretation?

Gemination Signup and view all the answers

Which condition causes chronic osteomyelitis and complicates extractions?

Osteopetrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an unfavourable root pattern during dental extraction?

Increased extraction difficulty Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Extraction of Teeth (Exodontia)

Exodontia is a painless procedure involving the removal of teeth with minimal trauma, allowing for proper healing.
Two extraction methods: intra-alveolar (forceps extraction) and trans-alveolar (surgical extraction).
Forceps extraction is commonly performed, while trans-alveolar extraction involves raising a flap and removing surrounding bone.

Indications for Extraction

Severe Caries: Most common reason; tooth beyond restoration should be extracted.
Preventive Extraction: In mixed dentition, some deciduous teeth may be extracted to prevent malocclusion, evaluated by orthodontist.
Prosthetic Considerations: Extractions may facilitate prosthetic fittings, partial dentures, or full mouth clearance.
Impacted Teeth: Un-erupted teeth causing pain, periodontal issues, or infections may need to be removed.
Supernumerary Teeth: Extra teeth can lead to malocclusion and should be evaluated for extraction.
Teeth in Fractured Jaw: Teeth that interfere with fracture reduction or healing, or are sources of infection should be removed.
Pathological Conditions: Teeth involved in cysts, tumors, osteomyelitis, or pyogenic granuloma may require extraction.
Retained Roots: Roots causing recurrent ulcerations or other complications must be assessed for removal.
Prior to Irradiation: Teeth unsuitable for retention should be extracted to avoid complications like osteoradionecrosis.
Focal Sepsis: Teeth appearing sound but evidencing infection radiographically should be extracted in certain surgical contexts.
Aesthetic Concerns: Severely stained or hypoplastic teeth that cannot be restored may require extraction.

Contraindications for Extraction

Local Contraindications: Specific conditions at the site of extraction that complicate procedures.
Bleeding Disorders: Conditions like hemophilia or anticoagulant therapies necessitate caution or avoidance of extraction.
Medication Side Effects: Patients on steroids or immunosuppressive medication may be at higher risk.
Uncontrolled Epilepsy: Can lead to complications during the extraction process.

Pre-Extraction Evaluation (P.E.E)

P.E.E is critical for successful extractions, involving:
- Clinical Evaluation: General health status, oral hygiene, and assessment of localized factors.
- Radiological Evaluation: Provides insights into root morphology, the extent of caries, and underlying pathology.

Clinical Preoperative Factors

General Evaluation: History of diseases, patient’s condition, and oral hygiene status.
Local Evaluation:
- Examination of the tooth and adjacent structures, accessibility, mobility, and condition of the tooth.
- Assess any systemic predispositions affecting dental health.

Complications Associated with Extraction

Radiographs can reveal potential complications:
- Damage to vital nerves, oro-antral communication, and displacement into sinuses.
- Assessing for bony lesions, root abnormalities, and instances of ankylosis or hypercementosis.

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Description

This quiz covers the indications and contraindications of tooth extraction, a key aspect of minor oral surgery. Understanding the procedure of exodontia, its definition, and the associated healing process is essential for dental practitioners. Test your knowledge on the principles and practices involved in the painless removal of teeth.