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Questions and Answers
What are the two forms of language?
What element of phonology greatly impacts early phonics instruction and writing?
What refers to sounds in speech within the components of language?
At what age do children typically start using complex sentences to form questions?
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What is the term used for the belief that oral language is learned through conditioning?
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What is a key factor to enhance literacy learning in children with underdeveloped language?
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Which of the following best defines emergent literacy?
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What type of interaction is needed for the zone of proximal development to be successful according to the social interactionist theory?
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What is the term for the skill that involves knowing the names and sounds associated with printed letters?
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What is the term for the ability to visually discriminate between different symbols?
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Which assessment requires a teacher to read two of four booklets to evaluate a child's understanding of print concepts?
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In the DIBELS Letter Naming Fluency test, how many letters should a kindergarten student name within a minute for fluent recognition?
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What is the goal of a Response to Intervention model for struggling readers?
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What proportion of expository books to storybooks should educators aim for when reading aloud to students?
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Which strategy involves utilizing a large print book to teach children concepts about print?
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What does 'print referencing' entail when teaching children about print concepts?
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What is essential for specific vocabulary instruction to enhance comprehension?
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Which vocabulary assessment method should be implemented first?
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Which vocabulary acquisition method involves learning definitions through conversation?
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Which of the following vocabulary instruction tools encourages students to gather and analyze words?
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What type of vocabulary consists of words we recognize and understand during reading?
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What is the core concept of the construction-integration theory's construction phase?
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Which word pair correctly exemplifies antonyms?
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How many times should passages be read at minimum to help increase fluency?
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Which tier of vocabulary is represented by the word 'Isotope'?
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Which assessment can offer extensive and reliable information about reading volume and expression?
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What is the recommended division of time spent on fluency instruction between explicit instruction and reading practice?
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Which method of performance reading should NOT be used in the classroom?
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How many words do most children acquire in their vocabulary during the first five years of life?
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Which component of reading fluency refers to the appropriate use of expression in the voice when reading aloud?
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Which motivational strategy has children read scripts from familiar texts to build fluency?
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According to Kuhn and Stahl, what percentage of words should a student be able to read correctly at the instructional level of text?
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What is the primary focus of story grammar questioning, story grammar parsing, and oral retellings?
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How many retellings are typically required to obtain the most reliable assessment of comprehension?
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Which of the following is the most beneficial form of prompting a child for oral story retelling who is struggling?
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What does the Student Comprehension Strategy Use Survey evaluate?
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Which of the following lists includes three text features that support reading comprehension?
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What refers to the process of monitoring one's own comprehension and taking corrective action?
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What is the term for the gradual transfer of responsibility for comprehension strategies from the teacher to the student?
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How fast should a student be able to recognize sight words per 60 seconds?
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Study Notes
Oral Language Development
- Oral language holds significant weight in predicting a child's success in early reading and comprehension.
- The two forms of language are expressive (producing language) and receptive (understanding language).
- Phonemic awareness, the understanding of speech sounds, directly impacts early phonics instruction and writing.
- Phonology is the component that focuses on the sounds in speech.
- The rime in a word starts at the first vowel.
- Letters are known as graphemes in language.
- The alphabetic principle links speech sounds with letters.
- The behaviorist view suggests that oral language is learned through conditioning and shaping shaped by rewards and punishments.
- The constructivist theory links oral language development with cognitive development.
- According to the social interactionist theory, the zone of proximal development flourishes with joint tasks involving a learner and expert.
- Children begin using complex sentences to form questions around ages 3-4.
- Early and intensive intervention is crucial for literacy learning in children with underdeveloped language and English language learners.
- Mean length of utterance (MLU) measures the length of oral statements.
- Comprehension and collaboration are part of the Speaking and Listening category in the Common Core Standards.
- The phoneme segmentation for "wake" is /w/, /ä/, /ke/.
- Semantics involves connecting world knowledge, experiences, interests, and perspectives to spoken or written language for meaning making.
- The OLAI-2 is an oral language assessment tool that helps assess children's language acquisition.
- Debates and creating print or televised commercials encourage the development of heuristic language.
- Receptive language requires the receiver to decode spoken or written communication.
- Joint productive activity enhances language learning through the context of new knowledge.
- Emergent literacy suggests that literacy begins at birth and continues to develop throughout life.
Early Literacy Skills
- Alphabet knowledge refers to knowing the names and sounds of printed letters.
- Visual processing is the ability to distinguish between presented symbols.
- The Concepts About Print (CAP) assessment involves the teacher reading two out of four booklets to see how well a child understands concepts about written language.
- Phonological awareness involves stretching out a spoken word to hear each sound.
- The Phoneme Segmenting Test requires students to identify sounds in words.
- A kindergarten student should be able to name 30 letters within a minute on the DIBELS Letter Naming Fluency (LNF) test to demonstrate fluency.
- The three functions of language are conceptual, interpersonal, and factual.
Concepts About Print
- Teaching about the rules and conventions of written language is referred to as teaching the technical aspects of print.
- Concepts about print are best learned through examining and engaging with the text alongside a teacher.
- Environmental print refers to print that is easily accessible in children’s learning environments.
- Shared reading experiences with large print books are an effective way to teach concepts about print.
Phonemic Awareness
- Phoneme identity involves recognizing the same sound in various words.
- Blending and segmenting skills have the greatest impact on reading acquisition in kindergarten.
- The goal of Response to Intervention (RTI) for struggling readers is to accelerate their learning.
- Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) are the two types of language proficiency.
- A 50/50 ratio of expository books to storybooks should be read to students to expand their content knowledge.
- Print referencing is when a teacher points out print concepts to a student.
- Curiosity and interaction among children are encouraged in phonological and phonemic awareness instruction.
- Having students complete projects based on their reading is not a recommended strategy for increasing students’ motivation to read.
Fluency
- Fluency instruction should dedicate 30% of time to explicit instruction and 70% to reading practice..
- A minimum of three readings of passages is recommended to boost fluency.
- The One-Minute Reading Test assesses reading rate and accuracy.
- Multidimensional Fluency Scale offers comprehensive and reliable information about reading volume and expression.
- Explicit instruction refers to direct, clear teaching.
- Scaffolded silent reading involves students using a genre wheel to pick independent-level books of interest.
- Exposing students to a broad range of genres and text types is known as wide oral reading..
- The recommended sequence for daily fluency instruction is 5-9 minutes of direct instruction followed by 15-20 minutes of practice.
- In antiphonal reading, two groups take turns reading aloud.
- Fluency problems can stem from slow and inaccurate word reading or lack of vocabulary knowledge.
- Round-robin reading is an ineffective method of reading aloud.
- NIM is a reading method where the teacher models reading and slowly reduces their volume with each reread.
- Readers’ theatre is a motivational strategy built on students reading scripts from familiar texts to enhance fluency.
- Prosody refers to the appropriate use of expression in reading.
- According to Kuhn and Stahl, students should be able to read 90-95% of words correctly at the instructional level.
- Intonation involves noticeable pitch variations in communication.
- Increasing reading rate involves trying to read three or more words together before stopping.
Vocabulary Development
- Most children learn about 10,000 words in their first five years.
- Informational and expository texts have the highest frequency of unique vocabulary terms.
- The largest type of vocabulary is listening vocabulary.
- Specific vocabulary instruction is only effective when appropriate for the reader's age and ability.
- Tier 1 vocabulary is basic speaking vocabulary that develops naturally.
- Indirect vocabulary learning involves learning new words through conversation.
- Vocabulary assessment should start with screening assessments.
- Word Maps link new words with prior knowledge.
- Teacher-made flash cards are the easiest way to conduct a diagnostic vocabulary assessment.
- Comprehension processing involves fitting new words into sentence blanks or categorizing them with others.
- Nondirective context involves mentioning vocabulary words without providing clues to their meaning.
- Word banks involve students collecting and revisiting words.
- Antonyms are words with opposite meanings, such as dark-light.
- Repeated readings are not a vocabulary-building activity.
- Core Vocabulary consists of frequently occurring words with important ideas and concepts.
- Fast-Mapping introduces students to the meaning of new words through multiple encounters in different contexts.
- Combining print resources, video, and direct instruction significantly improves vocabulary learning.
- Reading vocabulary includes words that are recognized and understood while reading.
- "Isotope" is an example of a Tier 2 vocabulary word, often found in academic contexts.
- Generation processing involves using comprehended associations to create something new.
- Retrieving word meanings is part of the construction phase of the construction-integration theory.
- Analyzing sociocultural context is not a research-supported strategy for focused vocabulary instruction.
Reading Comprehension
- The schema theory describes how neural networks affect reading comprehension.
- Story grammar questioning, parsing, and retellings assess the understanding of text features and structures.
- 4-6 retellings are needed for reliable comprehension assessments.
- Assisted recall is beneficial for struggling readers during oral story retellings.
- Story grammar refers to the rules, elements, and order of stories.
- The Student Comprehension Strategy Use Survey examines how well students select, apply, and control comprehension strategies.
- Reader, text, activity, and situational context are the four parts of reading comprehension.
- Table of contents, chapter headings, and visual inserts are text features that promote comprehension and should be explicitly taught.
- Sentence structure is influenced by the author’s style of writing, length, and concept density.
- Scaffolding involves gradually transferring responsibility for selecting and using comprehension strategies from the teacher to the student.
- Elaborative interrogation involves students generating and answering questions.
- Metacognition is the ability to monitor comprehension and take corrective action when needed.
- Click or Clunk and metacognition are evidence-based practices related to comprehension.
- Synopsis text, used for English language learners, helps build background knowledge.
- Challenge is one of the six Cs of motivation, encouraging students to tackle more challenging texts.
- "Three for the Road" is a way to encourage home reading by using three leveled books.
- Scaffolding is also known as the gradual release of responsibility.
- Inferential level application involves applying facts, rules, and principles in question-answer relationships.
- Students should recognize 60 sight words per minute.
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Description
Explore key concepts in oral language development crucial for early reading and comprehension. This quiz assesses knowledge on expressive and receptive language, phonemic awareness, and important theories influencing language acquisition. Test your understanding of how these elements interact to support literacy.
