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Questions and Answers
What happens to light when it is incident on a boundary between two different media?
What happens to light when it is incident on a boundary between two different media?
Refraction occurs when light bounces off a surface.
Refraction occurs when light bounces off a surface.
False
What type of material does not allow any light to pass through?
What type of material does not allow any light to pass through?
Opaque
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of ______.
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of ______.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which of the following describes a virtual image?
Which of the following describes a virtual image?
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A translucent material completely blocks light.
A translucent material completely blocks light.
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What is an example of a smooth surface that reflects light effectively?
What is an example of a smooth surface that reflects light effectively?
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When light is absorbed, it converts the energy into ______ energy.
When light is absorbed, it converts the energy into ______ energy.
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What is the normal in the context of light reflection?
What is the normal in the context of light reflection?
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What type of image is formed after reflection or refraction when rays actually meet at a point?
What type of image is formed after reflection or refraction when rays actually meet at a point?
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A real image cannot be formed on a screen.
A real image cannot be formed on a screen.
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What angle are the mirrors set at in a simple periscope?
What angle are the mirrors set at in a simple periscope?
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In a periscope, light from a distant object strikes the top mirror and is then reflected at an angle of _____ down the periscope tube.
In a periscope, light from a distant object strikes the top mirror and is then reflected at an angle of _____ down the periscope tube.
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Describe the main function of a periscope.
Describe the main function of a periscope.
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Both real and virtual images can be formed by plane mirrors.
Both real and virtual images can be formed by plane mirrors.
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An image that is always erect is known as a _____ image.
An image that is always erect is known as a _____ image.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a real image?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a real image?
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Study Notes
7.4 Optics - Light Incident on a Boundary and Reflection
- Light interacting with boundaries can cause reflection, refraction (transmission), and absorption.
- Reflection: Light bounces off a surface. Smooth surfaces like glass, water, or polished metal reflect light at the same angle it hits the surface.
- Refraction (Transmission): Light bends as it passes from one medium (e.g., air) into another (e.g., glass) where its speed is different.
- Absorption: Light is absorbed by matter, converting its energy into internal energy and generating heat.
Transparent, Translucent, and Opaque Materials
- Transparent materials allow light to pass through them easily (e.g., air, water, clear glass).
- Translucent materials allow some light to pass through, but scatter it (e.g., frosted glass, wax paper).
- Opaque materials do not allow light to pass through them (e.g., wood, metal).
Reflection at Plane Surfaces
- When light hits a surface, some light is reflected and some is absorbed.
- A good reflector (like a mirror) reflects nearly all light.
- The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
Laws of Reflection
- The reflected ray is in the same plane as the incident ray and the normal to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence.
- The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.
Image in a Plane Mirror
- The image in a plane mirror is virtual, not real. It cannot be projected onto a screen.
- The image is laterally inverted (left-right reversed).
- The image is the same size as the object.
- The image is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror.
- The line joining the object and image is perpendicular to the mirror.
Real and Virtual Images
- Real Images: Formed where light rays actually meet after reflection or refraction. Can be projected onto a screen. Always inverted.
- Virtual Images: Formed where light rays appear to meet. Cannot be projected onto a screen. Always upright.
Periscopes
- A periscope uses mirrors to allow an observer to see over obstacles, typically by reflecting light.
- Periscopes use mirrors positioned at 45-degree angles inside a tube.
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Description
Explore the principles of optics, focusing on how light interacts with boundaries through reflection, refraction, and absorption. Learn about the characteristics of transparent, translucent, and opaque materials as well as the behavior of light on plane surfaces.
