Optic Nerve Diseases in Dogs

Which structure is considered the anterior limit of the optic nerve?

Where do the majority of canine retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons ultimately project to?

What is the role of intrinsically photosensitive, melanopsin-containing RGCs?

How are the nasal and temporal halves of the retina divided in carnivores?

Where do the RGC axons from the nasal retina cross?

What is the vulnerability of the optic nerve attributed to?

What is the longest region of the optic nerve called?

What is the anterior-most part of the optic nerve called?

What is the cellular component that predominates in the optic nerve?

Where does myelination of the canine optic nerve typically occur?

Which type of diseases can affect the optic nerve in dogs?

What are primary optic nerve diseases?

What is the optic nerve primarily composed of?

Where do the axons of retinal ganglion cells project from?

Where do the optic nerve axons make a sharp turn to exit the eye?

In which part of the optic nerve head are axons from the superior retina located in dogs?

In which part of the optic nerve head are axons from the inferior retina located in dogs?

Where are axons from the nasal retina located in the optic nerve head of dogs?

Where are axons from the temporal retina located in the optic nerve head of dogs?

Where can further information about the anatomy and physiology of the optic nerve be found?

Which region subdivides the ONH into prelaminar, laminar and retrolaminar regions?

What is the approximate thickness of the canine central laminar?

Which collagen types are primarily present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the LC in young dogs?

What is the analogy used to describe the attachment of the LC to the surrounding sclera?

Which cells reside in the optic nerve and can be impacted by the complex stresses and strains in glaucoma?

What are the changes in the human LC associated with aging and disease?

What genetic mutation can cause open angle glaucoma in dogs?

What are the factors responsible for interindividual ONH connective tissue variability?

What is the purpose of the laminar insertion zone in the ONH?

What impact do age-related changes in the posterior sclera have on glaucoma susceptibility in dogs?

Which artery supplies the primary blood flow to the eye in dogs?

What is the translaminar pressure gradient (TLPG) in dogs?

What influences the translaminar pressure gradient (TLPG) in the optic nerve?

What is the primary determinant of the translaminar pressure gradient (TLPG)?

Which species has the highest percentage of optic nerve axons crossing the midline at the optic chiasm?

What is the approximate length of a human retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon?

Which segment of the optic nerve is surrounded by the origins of the superior, medial, and inferior recti muscles?

Which region of the optic nerve head has the greatest concentration of mitochondria, astrocyte processes, and capillaries?

Which part of the optic nerve is visualized on ophthalmoscopy?

Where do the majority of canine RGC axons ultimately project to?

Where do the axons from the temporal retina remain uncrossed and project to?

What is the vulnerability of the optic nerve attributed to?

Which type of collagen is primarily found in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the canine LC?

What is the approximate range of pore diameters in the canine LC?

What is the primary role of the laminar insertion zone in the ONH?

What are the anatomical factors that contribute to interindividual ONH connective tissue variability?

Which type of cells are responsible for myelination of optic nerve axons?

What is the primary cellular component in the retrobulbar, intraorbital optic nerve posterior to the lamina cribrosa (LC)?

What is the function of the nodes of Ranvier in the optic nerve?

What is the approximate diameter of the canine intraorbital optic nerve?

Which of the following is true about the optic nerve in dogs?

Where do the axons of retinal ganglion cells make a sharp turn to exit the eye?

How are the axons from the superior retina located in the optic nerve head of dogs?

What is the relationship between optic nerve diseases and pathology elsewhere in the eye?

Which structure is in close proximity to the optic chiasm in dogs?

What clinical signs can be associated with neuropathology and systemic diseases affecting the region of the optic chiasm in dogs?

Where is the optic chiasm located in relation to the rostral level of the diencephalon in dogs?

What can explain the spectrum of clinical signs associated with neuropathology and systemic diseases affecting the optic chiasm in dogs?

Where can additional information about the clinical signs associated with neuropathology and systemic diseases affecting the optic chiasm in dogs be found?

What is the anatomical location of the optic chiasm in dogs?