16 Questions
What are opioids?
Synthetic drugs used for analgesia and anesthesia
Which of the following is a natural opioid?
Morphine
How do opioids produce their effects?
Activation of receptor-operated K+ currents
Which of the following is a semisynthetic opioid?
Buprenorphine
What is the narcotic effect of opioids?
Inducing sleep
Which of the following is a synthetic opioid?
Methadone
Which receptor is responsible for analgesia, sedation, miosis, and respiratory depression?
Mu (μ)
What is the main route of administration for heroin abuse?
Intravenous (IV)
Which opioid receptor is associated with dysphoria and hallucinations?
Kappa (κ)
What is the characteristic effect of mixed agonist-antagonist opioids?
Varied effects depending on receptor activity
How does opioid toxicity typically manifest?
CNS depression
Which age group has increased sensitivity to opioids?
Elderly patients
How is morphine often administered?
Intramuscularly
Which drug class potentiates opioids, possibly by interfering with opioid metabolism?
Cyclic antidepressants
What is the main site of absorption for opioids after ingestion?
Small intestine
What is the classification of most opioids on the basis of function?
Mixed agonist-antagonist/partial agonists
Study Notes
Opioids
- Opioids are a class of drugs that produce their effects by interacting with opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord.
Natural Opioids
- Examples of natural opioids include morphine and codeine, which are found in the opium poppy plant.
Mechanism of Action
- Opioids produce their effects by binding to opioid receptors, which activates a response that reduces the transmission of pain signals.
Semisynthetic Opioids
- Examples of semisynthetic opioids include heroin, which is derived from morphine, and oxycodone, which is derived from thebaine.
Narcotic Effect
- The narcotic effect of opioids refers to their ability to produce feelings of euphoria and relaxation.
Synthetic Opioids
- Examples of synthetic opioids include fentanyl, which is a potent analgesic, and methadone, which is used to treat opioid addiction.
Opioid Receptors
- The mu opioid receptor is responsible for analgesia, sedation, miosis, and respiratory depression.
- The kappa opioid receptor is associated with dysphoria and hallucinations.
Administration of Opioids
- Heroin is often administered via the intravenous route, which increases the risk of addiction and overdose.
- Morphine is often administered via the intramuscular or intravenous route for pain management.
Opioid Toxicity
- Opioid toxicity typically manifests as respiratory depression, which can lead to coma and death.
- Mixed agonist-antagonist opioids, such as pentazocine, can produce a characteristic effect of dysphoria and hallucinations.
Age and Opioid Sensitivity
- The elderly and young children have increased sensitivity to opioids, which increases the risk of adverse effects.
Drug Interactions
- Certain antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can potentiate opioids, possibly by interfering with opioid metabolism.
Absorption of Opioids
- The main site of absorption for opioids after ingestion is the small intestine.
Classification of Opioids
- Most opioids are classified as controlled substances, which means they have a potential for abuse and addiction.
Test your knowledge about opioids and opiates, including their natural sources, narcotic effects, clinical uses, and potential for abuse. Explore the differences between natural opiates like morphine and codeine, and semi-synthetic opioids.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
