Opioids and Narcotics Synthesis Exam

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Which substance comes from Papaver somniferum and is used for painkiller and to treat diarrhea?

Opium

What is the main alkaloid for opium that helps to determine its quality?

Morphine

In which countries is legal opium production carried out?

India, Turkey, Tasmania

Which method is NOT used to consume opium?

<p>Injecting</p> Signup and view all the answers

What molecules are obtained by processing dried opium pods?

<p>Morphine, Papaverine, Codeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is a derivative form of opium and helps to determine its quality?

<p>Papaverine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method was used to produce mass quantities of heroin by the BAYER pharm. Company in 1898?

<p>Semi-synthesis from morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main psychological effect of heroin?

<p>Euphoria and relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is the main provider of heroin, with a production range of 509-739 tons in 2022?

<p>Afghanistan</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main route of administration for heroin, accounting for 30% of usage?

<p>Injecting</p> Signup and view all the answers

What outbreak occurred among injecting drug users in Scotland, England, and Germany in 2009-10?

<p>Anthrax</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the increase in the use of synthetic opioids at the beginning of the 21st century?

<p>Lower cost and availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which opioid painkiller was finally replaced with synthetic opioids due to cost and availability?

<p>Heroin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound replaced heroin after its availability decreased due to a disease affecting Papaver Cultures?

<p>Desomorphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year were over 80,000 overdose deaths attributed to opioids?

<p>2021</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that led to heroin being replaced with other compounds and misuse opioids after the 2010 Papaver Cultures disease?

<p>Decrease in availability of heroin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with long-term consumption of Desomorphine?

<p>Tissue damage and gangrene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the survival period of 2-3 years with chronic consumption of Desomorphine?

<p>No significant reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

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