Operating Systems: Data Representation Quiz

A continuous representation of information, similar to the real-world information it represents.

A discrete representation of information, made up of separate pieces or elements.

The way information is encoded inside a computer using a limited set of symbols (usually binary digits).

The process of converting analog information to digital form.

The fundamental unit of digital data (0 and 1).

A mercury thermometer or a sound wave.

Breaking and encoding analog information into a series of discrete elements.

A computer system that stores limited information

Analog signals lose information easily as voltage fluctuations due to environmental factors make it hard to determine the original signal's quality.

Digital signals can tolerate a fair amount of degradation because any voltage above a threshold is considered 'high', and below the threshold is considered 'low'.

Digital signals are periodically resynchronized to recover their original shape, preventing information loss from degradation.

A system using only two states (often represented as 0 and 1) to transmit information in digital signals

A specific voltage level that distinguishes between the high and low values—any value above becomes high and any value below it, low.

A number system using a specific number of unique symbols. For example, base 10 uses ten symbols (0-9) and base 2 (binary) uses two symbols (0 and 1).

A base with a larger number of symbols requires fewer digits to represent the same value. This is because it can represent larger values with each digit.

A number system using only two symbols (0 and 1).

Representing numbers using only 0s and 1s, place values are powers of 2.

A table showing all possible sums of two numbers in base 10.

A table showing all possible sums of two numbers in base 8, using symbols 0-7.

A table showing all possible products of two numbers in base 10.

The value of a digit in a number depends on its position. Each position represents a power of the base.

Transforming a number from one base to another, using the place values and powers of the base.

The same value can be represented differently using different bases, but they all represent the same quantity.

A system where the value of a digit depends on its position within the number.

A positional number system using powers of 10.

A positional number system using powers of 8.

A positional number system using powers of 16.

The value of a digit based on its position in a number.

5 x 10² + 2 x 10¹ + 7 x 10⁰

Equivalent to 404 in Base 10.

Equivalent to 26,372 in Base 10.

Equivalent to 214 in Base 10.

Number of possible numbers.

Number of allowed characters in the system.

Another word for base.

65,536 different number values.

The largest single digit in a base 6 number system is 5.

Counting in base 6 follows the same principles as base 10, where each digit place represents a power of 6. When you reach '5', the next number is '10' (which is equivalent to 6 in base 10).

To convert a number from base 6 to base 10, multiply each digit by its corresponding power of 6 and sum the results.

5278 (base 6) is equivalent to (5 * 6^3) + (2 * 6^2) + (7 * 6^1) + (8 * 6^0) = 1080 + 72 + 42 + 8 = 1192 (base 10).

The next value after 215 (base 6) is 220 (base 6).

The next value after 455 (base 6) is 500 (base 6).

There are several techniques for converting numbers between different bases. One method involves multiplying by the initial base and adding the next digit. Another approach is to simply calculate the weighted values of each digit place.

The largest single digit that can be represented in base 8 is 7, as it represents the highest value before needing to carry over to the next place value.

When adding numbers in base 8, if the sum of the digits in a place value exceeds 7, we carry over the excess to the next place value.

Arithmetic operations like addition, multiplication, and division performed on binary numbers (0s and 1s).

A logical operator that outputs '1' if exactly one of its inputs is '1', and '0' otherwise. Used in binary arithmetic for addition.

A logical operator that outputs '1' only if both of its inputs are '1', and '0' otherwise. Used in binary arithmetic to determine carry bits.

The process of representing a decimal number (base 10) in its equivalent binary form (base 2).

A table that shows the powers of a specific base, which helps in converting between different bases.

A method for converting hexadecimal numbers (base 16) to binary (base 2) by converting each hexadecimal digit to its equivalent four-bit binary representation.

Converting a number represented in base 8 (octal) to its equivalent decimal representation (base 10).

Translating a hexadecimal number (base 16) into its equivalent binary representation (base 2).

Hexadecimal is often used for data representation in computers because it's easier to read and write than binary, while still being a compact way to express binary information.

Representing a decimal number (base 10) in its equivalent hexadecimal form (base 16).