Data Representation and Number Systems

A numerical system that uses only two digits, 0 and 1, to represent any number. Each digit's position determines its value.

A numerical system with a base of 10, using digits 0 through 9. The position of each digit determines its value.

A method for representing negative binary numbers by inverting all the bits (changing 0s to 1s and 1s to 0s) and then adding 1.

A method for representing negative binary numbers by inverting each bit (changing 0s to 1s and 1s to 0s). The most significant bit (leftmost) indicates the sign (0 for positive, 1 for negative).

The value assigned to a digit based on its position in a number. In binary, the weight doubles for each position moving from right to left.

Converting a binary number to its decimal (base-10) equivalent by multiplying each digit by its corresponding positional weight and summing the results.

A set of pre-defined prefixes used to represent large or small values in computer science. Common prefixes include 'kilo' (K), 'mega' (M), 'giga' (G), and 'tera' (T).

A code that uses a specific pattern of binary digits to represent alphanumeric characters, punctuation, and other symbols. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is a popular example.

A byte is a unit of digital information that consists of 8 bits. It's the fundamental unit used in computer memory.

Prefixes in the binary system are used to represent larger quantities of data, similar to prefixes like 'kilo' and 'mega' in the decimal system.

The hexadecimal number system uses 16 symbols (digits 0-9 and letters A-F) to represent numbers. Each position in a hexadecimal number represents a power of 16.

A method for converting a hexadecimal number to its decimal (base-10) equivalent by multiplying each hexadecimal digit by its corresponding power of 16 and summing the results.

A system that represents numbers using 4 bits for each digit in a decimal number. This allows representing individual digits instead of the whole number.

A standard that assigns unique numerical values to characters, punctuation, and control symbols, allowing computers to understand and manipulate text. It uses 7 bits to represent 128 characters.

A standard that expands upon ASCII, providing a wider range of characters, including symbols from different languages and special characters. It uses 16 bits to represent over 65,000 characters.

A computer's ability to understand and process text, images, sound, and other data types. This is achieved by converting these data types into binary representation that the computer can process.

The process of converting data between different forms or formats, such as from decimal to binary or from ASCII to Unicode. This is essential for communication between different systems and applications.

A numerical system with base 16, using digits 0-9 and letters A-F. It's often used in computer programming because it can easily represent binary values.